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Tc - Item 3A - Toolbox Measures D-3 City of Rosemead Neighborhood Traffic Management Program Toolbox and Criteria of Traffic Calming Measures March 2010 Prepared by: March 2010 – Draft-3 -2 -After approval of toolbox measures, the complete development of the Neighborhood Traffic Management Program (NTMP) will begin. It will include the goals and objectives of the NTMP, the request process and other significant information. The toolbox measures will be incorporated into the complete NTMP as one document. March 2010 – Draft-3 -3 -TABLE OF CONTENTS (Page numbers to be added later) Level One Tools Page • Education Workshop • Enhanced Sheriff Enforcement and/or Public Safety Patrol • Radar Speed Monitoring Trailer • Neighborhood Traffic Management Program • Higher Visibility Crosswalk • Pedestrian Crossing Signs • Radar Speed Feedback Sign Level Two Tools • Traffic Signal Adjustments to Discourage Cut-through Traffic • Turn Restrictions via Signage • Rumble Strips/Dots • Crosswalk Warning System/In-Roadway Warning Lights • Raised Center Median • Chokers at Intersections • Mid-block Narrowing • Lane Narrowing/Lane Reduction – Striping • Textured Pavement • Parking Restrictions Level Three Tools • Raised Crosswalk • Raised Intersection • Speed Hump • Speed Table • Traffic Circle • Restricted Movement Barrier • Entrance Barrier – Half Closure • Partial Street Closure – Forced Turn Barrier • Diagonal Diverter • Full Street Closure (Cul-de-sac) • One-Way Street • Roadway Narrowing – Curb Extensions • Roadway Narrowing – Chokers • Roadway Narrowing – Angle Parking • Landscaping – Parkway • Landscaping – Raised Center Median • Enforcement – Red Light Photo Tools Used in Other Cities (Informational) Table 1 – Neighborhood Traffic Management Program Toolbox Application Criteria March 2010 – Draft-3 -4 -LEVEL ONE TOOLS Generally Administrative/Staff Level Approval General Characteristics: • Least restrictive tool • Easiest to implement • Less potential to shift problem • Less effect on emergency response • Lower cost • Faster to implement • Lower controversy List of Level One Tools: • Education Workshop • Enhanced Sheriff Enforcement and/or Public Safety Patrol • Radar Speed Monitoring Trailer • Neighborhood Traffic Watch Program • Higher Visibility Crosswalk • Pedestrian Crossing Signs • Radar Speed Feedback Signs Education Workshop Description: Activities that inform and seek to modify driver behavior. Techniques include printed information, meetings and workshops with staff, interaction with neighbors, enforcement activities, school programs, public outreach, etc. Advantages Disadvantages • Can be relatively effective and inexpensive. • Involves and empowers citizens. • Works well with other mitigation tools. • Not likely to be as effective on non-neighborhood traffic. • May be difficult to measure effectiveness. • Can be time consuming. • May take time to be effective. • Effectiveness may decrease over time. Cost • Low to moderate cost -$200 to $6,000, and is generally measured by man-hours. March 2010 – Draft-3 -5 - Enhanced Sheriff Enforcement and/or Public Safety Patrol Description: Periodic monitoring of speeding and other violations by Sheriff and/or Public Safety Patrol. Advantages Disadvantages • Good temporary public relations tool. • Serves to inform public that speeding and other traffic law violations are undesirable behavior for which there are consequences. • Effect is not permanent. • Enforcement is an expensive tool. Cost • High cost primarily due to the staffing requirements. March 2010 – Draft-3 -6 - Radar Speed Monitoring Trailer Description: Mobile radar display advises motorists of their speed. Advantages Disadvantages • Good educational tool. • Very good public relations tool. • Useful especially in school and construction zones where spot speed reduction is important. • Educates drivers on traffic issues in area. • Requires periodic enforcement. • Effective for limited duration. • Unit moves frequently which requires personnel. • Some drivers may test their speed. Cost • Low to moderate cost related to purchase price and to staffing requirements. March 2010 – Draft-3 -7 - Neighborhood Traffic Watch Program Description: Group of residents volunteer to observe violations and are trained to use radar units to record and report habitual speeders. Courtesy letters may be sent by Public Safety officers. Advantages Disadvantages • Involves affected residents. • Effective educational tool. • May have longer term effects as neighbors become aware of who is speeding and the concerns of other neighbors. • Requires extensive volunteer citizen involvement. • May need to consider legal and privacy issues. • Tendency to become very controversial between neighbors. Cost • Low to moderate cost related to purchase price of radar units and staffing requirements. March 2010 – Draft-3 -8 - Higher Visibility Crosswalk Definition: Crosswalk treatments which increase driver awareness of pedestrian activities. Higher visibility crosswalks should only be used at uncontrolled crosswalks. They would ordinarily be placed where a significant volume of pedestrian activity has been identified. Advantages Disadvantages • Relative low cost. • Can be effective at increasing driver awareness. • Can be incorporated into other roadway features such as chokers. • Can induce a greater false sense of security in the pedestrian. • Lower visibility crosswalks may be ignored by drivers. Cost • Higher visibility crosswalks cost $1,000 to $5,000, depending on the design technique, some additional maintenance costs. March 2010 – Draft-3 -9 - Pedestrian Crossing Signs Definition: Signs placed in the roadway median at marked crosswalks that advise motorists of the pedestrian right-of-way. Advantages Disadvantages • Relative low cost. • Brings motorists attention to crosswalk and pedestrian activity. • May result in slower speed near the crosswalks. • Proliferation of such signs would tend to diminish effectiveness. • Motorists may stop when no pedestrians are present. Cost • Low to moderate cost related to purchase and installation price of sign. March 2010 – Draft-3 -10 - Radar Speed Feedback Sign Description: Pole mounted radar display advises motorists of their speed. Advantages Disadvantages • Improves speed limit sign awareness. • Alerts drivers to excessive speeding • Helps reduce speeds near high activity zones including schools. • If posted speed is not close to the speed preferred by drivers, additional enforcement may be necessary • Proliferation may reduce effectiveness • Is not easily moved. Cost • Moderate cost -$15,000-$20,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -11 - LEVEL TWO TOOLS Generally Approved by Traffic Commission and/or City Council General Characteristics: • Moderately restrictive tool • Greater affect on emergency response • Greater potential to shift problems • Higher cost • More complex approval process List of Level Two Tools: • Traffic Signal Adjustments to Discourage Cut-through Traffic • Turn Restrictions via Signage • Rumble Strips/Dots • Crosswalk Warning System/In-Roadway Warning Lights • Raised Center Median • Chokers at Intersections • Mid-block Narrowing • Lane Narrowing/Lane Reduction -Striping • Textured Pavement • Parking Restrictions March 2010 – Draft-3 -12 - Traffic Signal Adjustments to Discourage Cut-through Traffic Description: Adjustment of traffic signals to prohibit or restrict turning or through movements which may be accompanied by a sign indicating specific days and/or hours of applicability. Advantages Disadvantages • Significant exclusion of undesired movements may have a significant positive impact on residential area. • In case of turn prohibitions, safety may increase on origin streets (often a major or non-local). • Does not impede emergency vehicles, as they can readily violate the restriction. • Prohibition is subject to some deliberate violation, particularly at low volume local intersections within the neighborhood where sheriff presence is infrequent. • Safety may decrease at other locations if drivers are forced to make hazardous movements to compensate for restricted movements. Cost • Low to moderate cost related to purchase and installation price of sign and possible traffic signal modifications. March 2010 – Draft-3 -13 - Turn Restrictions via Signage Description: Turning prohibitions or restrictions may be accompanied by a sign panel indicating specific targeted days and/or hours of applicability. A combination of these signs may appear at a location, depending on which movement(s) is (are) intended for exclusion. Advantages Disadvantages • Significant exclusion of undesired movements may have a significant positive impact on residential area. • In case of turn prohibitions, safety may increase on origin streets (often a major or non-local). • Does not impede emergency vehicles, as they can readily violate the restriction. • Prohibition is subject to some deliberate violation, particularly at low volume local intersections within the neighborhood where sheriff presence is infrequent. • Safety may decrease at other locations if drivers are forced to make hazardous movements to compensate for restricted movements. Cost • Low to moderate cost related to purchase and installation price of sign(s). March 2010 – Draft-3 -14 - Rumble Strips/Dots Description: Rough or patterned section of pavement, created by asphalt strips or raised ceramic pavement markers for the purpose of alerting drivers of a specific control device (e.g. marked unprotected crosswalk) or a particularly unique conditions (e.g. sharp curve). Advantages Disadvantages • May reduce speed in localized area. • Raises motorists awareness. • Creates noise and vibration to neighboring land uses. • Bicycles/motorcycles may have difficulty crossing rumble strips. Cost • Low initial cost. Moderate to high maintenance cost requirements. March 2010 – Draft-3 -15 - Crosswalk Warning System/In-Roadway Warning Lights Description: Lights embedded in the pavement at uncontrolled pedestrian crossing which flash to alert the on-coming motorist when a pedestrian may be crossing. Advantages Disadvantages • Much higher visibility to motorists than standard crosswalk. • Visible at night and during haze and fog conditions. • Provides additional visibility for slower and/or young pedestrians. • Pedestrians may develop a false sense of security. • Less visible during daytime. • Pedestrians may not wait for vehicles to stop. • Effectiveness may wear off over time. Cost • High cost -$15,000 to $50,000 per application. March 2010 – Draft-3 -16 - Raised Center Median Definition: An island or barrier in the center of a street that serves to separate traffic. PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • Provides a refuge for crossing pedestrians. • May improve streetscape if landscaped. • Provides barrier between lanes of traffic. • Acts as entranceway into neighborhood. • May produce a limited reduction in vehicle speeds. • Discourages non-resident traffic. • Long medians interrupt emergency access and operations. • May reduce sight lines if over landscaped. • Increased maintenance. • Forces vehicle traffic closer to homes. • May require removal of on-street parking. • May interrupt driveway access adjacent to median. • Can impact bicycle use. • Long medians can interrupt emergency access and operations. • Additional utility requirements (water, power). Cost • Medians can cost from $10,000 to $30,000 depending on size and landscaping treatment. March 2010 – Draft-3 -17 - Chokers at Intersections Definition: Physical curb reduction of road width at intersections. A widening of street corners at intersections to discourage cut-through traffic and to help define neighborhoods. PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • May be aesthetically pleasing, if landscaped. • Good for pedestrians due to shorter crossing distance. • Can be used in multiple applications or on a single segment of roadway. • Creates neighborhood “gateway”. • Unfriendly to bicyclists unless designed to accommodate them. • Landscaping may cause sight line problems if not maintained. • Increased maintenance if landscaped. • Drainage issues need to be resolved. • Impacts on-street parking. Cost • Moderate to high cost depending on landscaping, pavement treatments and storm drainage considerations -$5,000 to $15,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -18 - Mid-block Narrowing Description: Street physically narrowed to expand sidewalks and landscaped areas. (Similar to chokers but used at mid-block.) Advantages Disadvantages • When used at crosswalk, pedestrian visibility increased and crossing distance reduced. • May reduce speed by narrowing usable street width. • Minor inconveniences to motorists. • Minimal inconveniences to local traffic. • Opportunity for landscaping and visual enhancement. • Effective when used in a series. • Creates drainage issues where curb and gutter exist. • Unfriendly to bicyclists unless designed to accommodate them. • May require removal of parking. • Only partially effective as a visual obstruction. • Can restrict driveway access. Cost • Moderate to high cost depending on length of narrowing -$10,000 to $50,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -19 - Lane Narrowing/Lane Reduction -Striping Definition: Highlighting various areas of the road to increase the driver’s awareness of certain conditions (e.g., edge of road striping to create a narrowing/slowing effect while defining space for bicyclists). Advantages Disadvantages • Inexpensive. • May reduce speed. • Edge treatment reduces potential vehicle conflict with bicyclists and pedestrians. • Low maintenance. • May not be as effective as other more structured techniques. • May require some on-street parking removal. • May result in shifting volumes to adjacent streets if number of lanes is reduced. Cost • Moderate initial cost and ongoing maintenance. March 2010 – Draft-3 -20 - Textured Pavement Definition: A change in pavement texture (e.g., asphalt road to brick crossing) that helps to make drivers aware of a change in the driving environment. Advantages Disadvantages • May be aesthetically pleasing. • May be used to define pedestrian crossing. • Increased maintenance. • May (will) increase ambient noise. Cost • Textured pavements cost approximately $5,000 to $40,000 March 2010 – Draft-3 -21 - Parking Restrictions Definition: (One or more of the following): 1. Metered parking with a maximum time limit. 2. Limited parking hours on streets. 3. Prohibited over-night parking on streets. 4. Permit parking areas. Advantages Disadvantages • Reduces “outsider” parking in residential areas. • Can reduce inconvenience to residents and business owners associated with simple time limit parking. • Increases short term parking availability near retail districts. • Depending on the posted restrictions, may not eliminate all customer parking in residential areas abutting retail districts. • Does not allow residents to park on streets over-night. Cost • Low to moderate depending on the chosen option. March 2010 – Draft-3 -22 - LEVEL THREE TOOLS Requires Traffic Commission and/or City Council Approval General Characteristics: • Moderately restrictive tool • Strong potential to affect emergency response • Strong potential to shift problems • Generally the highest cost • Must be considered only after Level One and Two tools have been reviewed and/or tested in the field. List of Level Three Tools: • Raised Crosswalk • Raised Intersection • Speed Hump • Speed Table • Traffic Circle • Restricted Movement Barrier • Entrance Barrier – Half closure • Partial Street Closure – Forced Turn Barrier • Diagonal Diverter • Full Street Closure (Cul-de-sac) • One-Way Street • Roadway Narrowing – Curb Extensions • Roadway Narrowing – Chokers • Roadway Narrowing – Angle Parking • Landscaping – Parkway • Landscaping – Raised Center Median • Enforcement – Red Light Photo March 2010 – Draft-3 -23 - Raised Crosswalk Definition: A speed hump designed for an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing at an intersection. Advantages Disadvantages • Effective speed control at the installation. • Effective pedestrian amenity. • May be designed to be aesthetically pleasing. • May create noise, particularly if there are loose items in the vehicle or trailer. • May be a problem for emergency vehicles. • May impact drainage. • Drivers may speed up between humps. • May increase volumes on other streets. • Requires signage that may be considered unsightly. Cost • Moderate to high depending on location. March 2010 – Draft-3 -24 - Raised Intersection Definition: A raised plateau where roads intersect. The plateau is generally 3” above the surrounding street. Advantages Disadvantages • Slows vehicle in the most critical area and therefore helps to make conflict avoidance easier. • Highlights intersection. • Can reduce auto/pedestrian conflicts. • Aesthetically pleasing if well designed. • Effective speed reduction, better for emergency vehicles than speed humps. • Increased difficulty of making a turn. • Increased maintenance. • Requires adequate signage and driver education. • More costly than speed humps. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$8,000 to $15,000 depending on intersection size. March 2010 – Draft-3 -25 - Speed Hump Definition: Speed Humps are wave-shaped paved humps in the street. The height of the speed hump determines how fast it may be navigated without causing discomfort to the driver or damage to the vehicle. Discomfort increases as speed over the hump increases. Typically speed humps are placed in a series rather than singularly. Advantages Disadvantages • Reduced vehicle speeds in the vicinity of the hump. Better if used in a series at 300’ to 500’ spacing. • Self enforcing. • Relatively inexpensive. • May create noise particularly if there are loose items in the vehicle or trailer. • If not properly designed, drivers may try to skirt around to avoid impact. • May delay emergency vehicles. • May impact drainage. • Drivers may speed up between humps. • Difficult to properly construct. • Requires signage that may be considered unsightly. Cost • Speed humps and tables cost approximately $2,000 to $2,500 each (minimum $6,000 for a series). March 2010 – Draft-3 -26 - Speed Table Definition: Speed Tables are similar to speed humps in overall height. The basic difference between speed tables and speed humps are their lengths. Speed tables are typically 22 feet in length with the 3-inch rise occurring over the first 6 feet on either the arrival or departure side with the center 10 feet being flat. Advantages Disadvantages • Reduced vehicle speeds in the vicinity of the table. Better if used in a series at 300’ to 500’ spacing. • Self enforcing. • Relatively inexpensive. • May be installed on “collector” streets • May be installed in streets with prima facie 30 mph speed zones. • May create noise particularly if there are loose items in the vehicle or trailer. • If not properly designed, drivers may try to skirt around to avoid impact. • May delay emergency vehicles. • May impact drainage. • Drivers may speed up between tables. • Difficult to properly construct. • Requires signage that may be considered unsightly. Cost • Speed humps and tables cost approximately $2,000 to $2,500 each (minimum $6,000 for a series). March 2010 – Draft-3 -27 - Traffic Circle Definition: Traffic circles are raised circular medians in an intersection. Vehicles must change their travel path to maneuver around the circle. Drivers travel in a counter-clockwise direction around the circle. Traffic circles and roundabouts are generally “yield upon entry,” meaning that cars in the circle have the right-of-way and cars entering the circle must wait to do so until the path is clear. Advantages Disadvantages • Slows traffic as motorists drive around circle. • Breaks up sight-lines on straight streets. • Opportunity for landscaping in the intersection. • May impede emergency response. • May impede left turns by large vehicles. • Bicycles must merge with vehicle traffic around circle. • May shift traffic to parallel residential streets. • May require some parking removal. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$5,000 to $10,000 depending on intersection size. March 2010 – Draft-3 -28 - Restricted Movement Barrier Definition: Physical blockage of one direction of traffic on a two-way street. The open lane of traffic is signed “one way,” and traffic from the blocked lane is not allowed to go around the barrier through the open lane. Advantages Disadvantages • Reduces through-traffic in one direction and possibly in the other. • Allows two-way traffic in the remainder of the street. • Good for pedestrians due to shorter crossing distance. • Provides space for landscaping. • Can be designed to provide two-way access for bicycles. • Reduces access for residents. • Emergency vehicles are only partially affected as they have to drive around partial closure with care. • Compliance with semi-diverters is not 100 percent. • May increase trip length for some residents. • Maintenance increased if landscaped. Cost • Moderate cost -$7,000 to $15,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -29 - Entrance Barrier – Half Closure Definition: Physical barrier that restricts turns into a street. This barrier creates a one-way segment at the intersection while maintaining two-way traffic for the rest of the block. Advantages Disadvantages • Effectively restricts movements into a street while maintaining full access and movement within the street for residents. • Redirects traffic to main streets. • Self enforcing, unlike signage only. • Reduces cut-through traffic. • Increases opportunity for landscaping in the roadway. • May divert traffic to other local streets. • May increase trip length for some motorists. • Overly restrictive if cut-through problem exists only at certain times of day. • May need to implement on several parallel streets to prevent diversion issue. • May have little effect on speeds for local traffic. • May negatively affect emergency response. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$8,000 to $18,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -30 - Partial Street Closure -Forced Turn Barrier Definition: Small traffic islands installed at intersections to channel turning movements. Advantages Disadvantages • Changes driving patterns. • May reduce cut though traffic. • May be attractive if landscaped. • May increase trip lengths for some divers. • Can be aesthetically unattractive if not landscaped. • May increase response times for emergency vehicles. • Maintenance increased if landscaped. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$8,000 to $18,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -31 - Diagonal Diverter Definition: A barrier placed diagonally across a four-legged intersection, interrupting traffic flow across the intersection. This type of barrier may be used to create a maze-like effect in a neighborhood. PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • Eliminates through traffic. • Provides area for landscaping. • Reduces traffic conflict points. • Increases pedestrian safety. • Can include bicycle path connection. • Reduces cut-though traffic. • Self enforcing unlike signage only. • May inconvenience residents gaining access to their properties. • May negatively affect emergency response. • May divert through traffic to other local streets. • Altered traffic patterns may increase trip length. • Corner properties must be protected from violators. • Overly restrictive if cut-though problem exists only at certain times of the day. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$10,000 to $30,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -32 - Full Street Closure (Cul-de-sac) Definition: Street closed to motor vehicles using curbs, planters, bollards, barriers, etc. Advantages Disadvantages • Eliminates through traffic. • Reduces speed of the remaining vehicles. • Reduces potential conflicts for street users. • Pedestrian and bicycle access maintained. • Reduces emergency vehicle access. • Reduces access to properties for residents. • May be perceived as inconvenient by some neighbors and an unwarranted restriction by the general public. • May increase trip lengths. • May increase volumes on other streets. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$10,000 to $30,000 March 2010 – Draft-3 -33 - One-Way Street Definition: Self-explanatory. (Changing the traffic flow pattern with one-way streets should be considered only in areas where there is a documented high percentage of cut-through traffic and where alternative routes exist.) Advantages Disadvantages • Tends to reduce vehicle conflicts due to lack of friction from opposing traffic flow. • Can facilitate traffic flow through an area. • Can open up narrow streets for more resident parking. • Maintains reasonable access for emergency vehicles. • Maze effect of one-way traffic can discourage through traffic. • May facilitate increased parking opportunities through angle parking. • Can lead to increased vehicle speeds. • May result in longer trip lengths. • May increase emergency response time. • May increase volumes on other streets. • Initial safety concerns as drivers adjust. • Can induce intentional violations by residents. Cost • Moderate -The cost associated with designing certain roadways within a neighborhood as one-way streets would be in the $2,000 to $4,000 range per street plus construction costs. March 2010 – Draft-3 -34 - Roadway Narrowing – Curb Extensions Definition: Street physically narrowed to expand sidewalks and landscaped areas. (Similar to chokers but used at mid-block.) PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • Minor inconveniences to drivers. • Minimal inconveniences to local traffic. • Good for pedestrians due to shorter crossing distance. • Provides space for landscaping. • Slows traffic without seriously affecting emergency response time. • Effective when used in a series. • Only partially effective as a visual obstruction. • Unfriendly to bicyclists unless designed to accommodate them. • Drainage issues need to be resolved. • Restricts on-street parking. • Can restrict driveway access. Cost • Moderate to high cost -$5,000 to $10,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -35 - Roadway Narrowing -Chokers Definition: Physical curb reduction of road width at intersections. Similar to curb extensions but used at intersections. PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • May be aesthetically pleasing, if landscaped. • Good for pedestrians due to shorter crossing distance. • Can be used in multiple applications or on a single segment of roadway. • Creates neighborhood “gateway”. • Unfriendly to bicyclists unless designed to accommodate them. • Landscaping may cause sight line problems if not maintained. • Increased maintenance if landscaped. • Drainage issues need to be resolved. • Impacts on-street parking. Cost • Moderate to high cost depending on landscaping, pavement treatments and storm drainage considerations March 2010 – Draft-3 -36 - Roadway Narrowing – Angle Parking Definition: Highlighting various areas of the road to increase the driver’s awareness of certain conditions (e.g., edge of road striping to create a narrowing/slowing effect while defining space for bicyclists). PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • Inexpensive. • May reduce speed. • Edge treatment reduces potential vehicle conflict with bicyclists and pedestrians. • Low maintenance. • May not be as effective as other more structured techniques. Cost • Moderate initial cost and ongoing maintenance March 2010 – Draft-3 -37 - Landscaping -Parkway Definition: Self-explanatory. Advantages Disadvantages • Can reduce vehicle speeds. • Alters the nature of the roadway. • Is pedestrian friendly. • Increased aesthetics. • Can be costly to maintain. • Can interfere with angle parked vehicles. • May reduce effectiveness of street lighting. • Can interfere with sight visibility. Cost • The cost associated with landscaping varies widely based on the type and extend and can range from $10,000 to $200,000 or more. March 2010 – Draft-3 -38 - Landscaping – Raised Center Median Definition: Self-explanatory. Advantages Disadvantages • Can reduce vehicle speeds. • Alters the nature of the roadway. • Can include pedestrian facilities. • Increased aesthetics • Can be costly to maintain. • Can interfere with sight visibility. Cost • The cost associated with landscaping varies widely based on the type and extent and can range from $10,000 to $200,000 or more. March 2010 – Draft-3 -39 - Enforcement – Red Light Photo Definition: Automated enforcement of red light violations at traffic signalized intersections. Advantages Disadvantages • Increases availability of law enforcement personnel for other duties • May be installed at little or no initial cost to the City. • Can be effective in reducing vehicle speeds. • Increases intersection safety. • May generate additional revenue. • Can result in loss of funds if not effective Cost • Moderate to high cost -$25,000 -$50,000 per direction March 2010 – Draft-3 -40 - TOOLS USED IN OTHER CITIES Informational The tools listed here are not likely to be used in the City of Rosemead. Each tool has its advantages/disadvantages listed as in the previous sections. However, their application within the City was not considered beneficial because of one or more of the following: • The City does not have specific neighborhood entrances. • The use of these tools would moderately affect emergency response times. List of Tools Used in Other Cities: • Roundabout • Gateway Treatment March 2010 – Draft-3 -41 - Roundabout Definition: Roundabouts are raised circular areas (similar to medians) placed at intersections and are larger than traffic circles. Advantages Disadvantages • May reduce potential vehicle conflicts. • Reduces speed at intersection approach. • Provides space for landscaping. • Effective at multi-leg intersections. • Provides equal access to intersections for all drivers. • Does not restrict movements, but makes them more difficult. • May be restrictive for larger vehicles if designed to a low speed. Providing a mountable apron minimizes this limitation. • May require additional lighting and signage. • If left turns by large vehicles are to be accommodated then right-of-way may have to be purchased. • Initial safety issues as drivers adjust. • May increase volumes on adjacent streets. • Maintenance increased if landscaped. • May increase vehicle/pedestrian conflicts. • May not be bicycle friendly. Cost • High cost -$30,000 to $50,000 March 2010 – Draft-3 -42 - Gateway Treatment Definition: Treatment to a street that includes a sign, banner, landscaping or other structure that helps to communicate a sense of neighborhood identity. PLAN VIEW Advantages Disadvantages • Positive indication of a change in environmental from arterial road to residential area. • Reduces entry speed. • Reduces pedestrian crossing distances. • On wide streets provides space for landscaping the median. • Helps give neighborhood a sense of identity. • Allows neighborhood creativity and participation in design. • May discourage cut-through traffic. • Maintenance increased if landscaped. • Not friendly to bicycles. • May impact on-street parking. • May interrupt emergency access and operations. Cost • Moderate cost -$5,000 to $10,000. March 2010 – Draft-3 -43 - Insert Table 1 – Toolbox Application Criteria (5 pages) March 2010 – Draft-3 -44 -