CC - Item 9D - Street Name Sign Design and Replacement ProgramROSEMEAD CITY COUNCIL
STAFF REPORT
TO: THE HONORABLE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL
FROM: JEFF ALLRED, CITY MANAGER
DATE: JULY 27, 2010
SUBJECT: STREET NAME SIGN DESIGN AND REPLACEMENT PROGRAM
SUMMARY
As part of the City's Capital Improvement Program, the City Council approved funding to
implement a signage replacement program. This program is aimed at meeting new
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requirements for signage reflectivity on all City-
owned signs (regulatory signs, warning signs, and street name signs). According to these
requirements, the City's current street name sign background color of yellow will also not be
in compliance. Prior to developing a replacement program for street name signs, the Traffic
Commission developed a new design to meet the new reflectivity requirements.
Staff Recommendation
It is recommended that the City Council concur with the Traffic Commission's
recommendation for a new street name sign design and authorize the replacement of
signs in conjunction with street resurfacing projects and as funding allows.
DISCUSSION
The City's sign replacement program is aimed at meeting minimum reflectivity standards as
required by the FHWA and the State of California's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices (MUTCD). New standards for reflectivity are fully described in the MUTCD.
Replacement of existing signs will help improve driver and pedestrian safety, reduce energy
costs, as well as enhance the City's aesthetics in commercial and residential areas.
The FHWA approved these reflectivity guidelines in January 2008 and developed the
following implementation timelines.
• January 2012 - Develop a sign inventory/assessment program.
Staff has started an inventory of signs and initiated a maintenance
program to regularly inspect and maintain City signs.
• January 2015 - Replace regulatory, warning, and post mounted guide signs.
The City currently allocates funding in its operating budget to replace
street signs. Furthermore, sign replacement is typically included in
every annual street resurfacing project.
ITEM NO. C`
APPROVED FOR CITY COUNCIL AGENDA:
City Council Meeting
July 27, 2010
Page 2 of 3
• January 2018 - Replace overhead guide signs and street name signs.
The Traffic Commission approved a street name sign design and
asked that a pilot program to display signs be conducted.
According to the new FHWA and California MUTCD requirements, allowable street name
sign background colors include blue, brown, green, and white. The recommended lettering
sizes are six inches for residential areas and eight inches for multi-lane streets. These
requirements are designed to ensure that signs are visible for pedestrians and motorists.
Based on this, the City's current street name sign background color of yellow and lettering
sizes will not be in compliance with the new guidelines. Several nearby cities are also facing
the same challenge and have started to replace overhead signs and street name signs to
comply with these requirements. This includes the cities of San Gabriel, Monterey Park, and
Alhambra.
Traffic Commission Review
The Traffic Commission reviewed this topic in February and approved a design option for
new street name signs. The design was based on several contributing factors, including:
• Choosing a street name sign with a reflectivity level and background that meets State
requirements.
• Continuing Rosemead's existing community color theme of maroon, silver, and white
that are now displayed at Rosemead schools (e.g. Rosemead High School), used at
existing City facilities (e.g. City Hall), and in existing monument signs (e.g. lettering of
median monument signs and in Garvey Bridge pilasters), representing a unified
Rosemead "brand" with these colors.
• Maintaining a unique identity that sets Rosemead apart from neighboring cities (no
other local community uses maroon, silver and white on street name signs).
• Choosing a color scheme that is similar in appearance to the City's existing street
name signs.
Based on these factors, the proposed street name sign includes a white background with
dark maroon lettering. The sign also includes the words "City of Rosemead" along the top,
the rose logo on the left side of the sign, and the block number/direction on the right side of
the sign (Attachment 1 - Sample Design). The new signs also include a coating to allow for
easy graffiti removal without damaging the sign itself.
Also, at its February meeting, the Commission directed staff to implement a pilot program to
post the new signs at the following visible locations:
• The intersection of Valley Boulevard and Walnut Grove Avenue (on traffic signals);
• Adjacent to City Hall (Steele Street/lvar Avenue);
• Adjacent to the Public Safety Center (Garvey Avenue, Charlotte Avenue).
City Council Meeting
July 27, 2010
Page 3 of 3
Since conducting the pilot program staff has received several positive comments about the
sign looks and design. Public Safety representatives (Sheriffs Department) have responded
positively to the size, reflectivity, and information (direction arrows, block numbers) contained
on the new signs. Several other individuals have noted that the signs are easier to read from
a far distance.
At its May meeting, the Commission again discussed the pilot program and recommended
that the sign size, lettering size, and logo size be increased. These changes have been
incorporated into the most recent design. The changes have been made as follows:
• Sign Size - Increased from 6 feet in width to 8 feet.
• Lettering Size - Increased from 8 inches to 12 inches.
• Logo Size - Increased sizes of rose logo and "City of Rosemead" lettering size.
• Other Changes - Added directional arrow and directional compass (west, east, north,
south) to sign.
Next Steps
If approved by the City Council, staff will begin to use the new sign design as a replacement
for existing street name signs in the community. This replacement process will take place
gradually, over the next years in conjunction with street resurfacing and other planned
projects.
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Funding for the sign replacement program was approved by the City Council as part of
the City's Capital Improvement Program budget and will also be included in annual street
resurfacing projects.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The project is categorically exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
pursuant to Section 15304 (a) of the CEQA Implementing Guidelines. This exemption
covers projects involving minor alterations of land that do not have a significant effect on
the environment.
Submitted by:
Chris Marcarello
Director of Public Works
Attachments:
(1) Traffic Commission Minutes, February 2010 and May 2010
(2) 2009 Edition Federal Highway Administration Guidelines/State of California Guidelines
(3) Sample Street Name Sign Pictures
(4) Surrounding Cities Street Name Sign Designs/Color
Minutes of the Regular
ROSEMEAD TRAFFIC COMMISSION MEETING
February 4, 2010
The Regular meeting of the Rosemead Traffic Commission was called to order by Chairman
Masuda at 7:06 p.m. in the Council Chambers, 8838 E. Valley Boulevard, Rosemead, California.
FLAG SALUTE: Chairman Masuda
INVOCATION: Commissioner Hall
PRESENT: Chairman Masuda, Vice Chairwoman Russell, Commissioner Deary, Commissioner
Lewin, Commissioner Hall
ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Deputy Public Works Director Marcarello, Senior Management Analyst Farid
Hentabli, Civil Engineer Rafael Fajardo, Public Works Manager Bill Ornelas, Traffic Consultant
Itagaki, and Administrative Assistant Llamas
1. PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM THE AUDIENCE
Art Angel, Rosemead resident, asked the Traffic Commission to look at the timing of traffic signal
lights at Rio Hondo Avenue and Mission Drive. He explained that the current signal sequence is
confusing and that there are problems with the synchronization with traffic signal lights on Valley
Blvd.
Commissioner Lewin asked for some clarification from Mr. Angel regarding his concerns with the
signal synchronization. Mr. Lewin discussed the problems that drivers encounter from Rio Hondo
to Valley and that the stop location is confusing for drivers heading eastbound on Valley Blvd.
Staff informed the Traffic Commission that they are currently working on the visibility issues and
they will also work on timing issues, A few improvements that could help this intersection include
inspecting the traffic signal cabinet, reviewing timing sheets for the traffic signals, and repairing
damaged signal equipment. Staff will provide the Commission with an update at a future meeting.
Chairman Masuda asked that the timing of the traffic signal be adjusted in the meantime.
Chuck Lyons. Rosemead resident, discussed the traffic concerns at this intersection and
suggested painting "Do Not Block" on Valley Blvd adjacent to the liquor store and on Mission Drive
approximately 50-60 feet from the high school driveway. He also suggested adding in-pavement
flashing crossing walks on Encinita/Pitkin near the elementary school and on Mission Dr. near the
high school. He would also like to see more traffic and speeding enforcement in front of Encinita
School.
Chairman Masuda asked if school staff ever helps with traffic enforcement before and after school.
Rosemead Traffic, Commission Meeting
Minutes of February 4, 2010
Page 1 of 5
Art Angel said that the Savannah School principal tries to encourage parents to not abuse
loading/drop off zones near the school. He also asked if "Do Not Block" markings can be added on
Rosemead Blvd going north, near the adult school. .
2. CONSENT CALENDAR
A. The January 14, 2010 minutes were removed from the Consent Calendar for minor corrections.
After discussing corrections, Commissioner Lewin made a motion, seconded by Vice Chairwomen
Russell to approve the minutes of the January 14, 2010 Traffic Commission Meeting. Votes
resulted in:
Yes: Lewin, Hall, Russell, Masuda, Deary
No: None
Abstain: None
Absent: None
B. The request to review traffic conditions at Klingerman Street/Angelus Avenue/Delta Ave was
removed from the Consent Calendar for discussion.
After discussing minor clarifications and recommendations, Commissioner Hall made a motion,
seconded by Commissioner Lewin to use the reflected raised pavement markers. Votes resulted
in:
Yes: Hall, Lewin, Russell, Masuda, Deary
No: None
Abstain: None
Absent: None
3. NEW BUSINESS
A. REVIEW OF CONCEPTUAL PLANS AND RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS FOR
SAFE ROUTE TO SCHOOL GRANT PROGRAM
Staff gave the Traffic Commissioners a brief description of what the program is about and
recognized Farid Hentabli, Rafael Fajardo, and Bill 'Ornelas for their hard work in obtaining the
grant for this project. Staff also introduced Traffic Engineer Jose Loera, who has been working
with staff on this improvement project.
Traffic Engineer Loera gave the Traffic Commissioners a brief description of the items they are
planning to do for the Safe Route to School Program. He also showed some samples of devices
that may be :,^ed as part of the safety improvements.
Commissioner Russell thanked staff for the hard work and asked for clarification on the proposed
locations for in-pavement flashing crosswalks.
Rosemead Traffic Commission Meeting
Minutes of February 4, 2010
Page 2 of 5
Commissioner Deary asked about the in-pavement flashing crosswalks and if crossing guards will
be needed once the crosswalks are installed. He also asked about funding and City matching fund
requirements.
Staff informed the Commission that by installing the in-pavement flashing crosswalks the location
should be safer for the crossing guard and provide more safety for drivers and pedestrians. The
crossing guard will still be needed at this location.
Staff informed the Traffic Commission that the City will be covering the cost of the 10% for this
grant due to the type of grant that it is. Staff also informed the Traffic Commissioners that Walmart
is funding the Rush Street and Angelus Avenue project.
Commissioner Lewin indicated that he likes the layout along Ivar Avenue. He asked staff to look at
adding similar improvements along Rio Hondo Avenue heading south towards Savannah School.
Commissioner Deary asked staff on how the schools are involved with this project.
Staff informed the Traffic Commissioners that they met with the school principals and received their
support for the project. The principals also gave the City letters of encouragement and support to
assist them with the grant.
Chairman Masuda thanked staff for all the work they have done in getting the grant. He also asked
that staff consider adding audible pedestrian signals to help improve safety for disabled persons.
4. OLD B1151NESS
A. NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PROGRAM - TOOLBOX AND
CRITERIA OF TRAFFIC CALMING MEASURES: DRAFT- 2
Staff gave the Traffic Commissioners a briefing and a showed PowerPoint on the Neighborhood
Traffic Manooement Program Toolbox and Criteria draft process.
Commissioner Russell asked for clarification regarding federal requirements and how they pertain
to local traffic problems.
Staff provided clarification on the State's Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices or MUTCD
and how the,, affect local traffic issues.
Commissioner Lewin asked for botts dots to be included in the Toolbox and suggested having
roadway narrow angled parking removed. He would like the residents to participate in the mid
block narrow?ng if the toolbox items stay in the traffic management program.
Chairman V?Rida would like to have narrow angle parking remain in the Toolbox but for it to be
used in othe, cities and not in Rosemead.
Rosemead Trt "i~ Commission Meeting
Minutes or Feb nary 4, 2010
Page 3 of 5
The Commission discussed the petition process for adding certain traffic improvements. Specific
recommendations included:
Dew-loping a petition form for residents to use if they are interested in adding a traffic
improvement in their neighborhood.
Incki1rig specific information in the petition form, including specific location requirements
(i.e. lidding a stop sign or signage at a specific location), adding the number of residents
that must be surveyed near the location (i.e. a 500 foot radius of the location), and adding
a specific threshold that must be met prior to installing a traffic improvement (i.e. 50% or
more of the residents surveyed).
Dev !ooing a pamphlet or workshop to explain traffic improvements.
Staff discussed the petition process and explained how a request might work with the
Neighborhoc:l Traffic Management Program in place. Staff will use the Commissioner's comments
to develop etition `orm and educational inform ationlpamphlets explaining the petition process.
B. STREET NAME SIGN DESIGN AND REPLACEMENT PROGRAM
Staff gave the Traffic Commissioners a briefing on the new federal guidelines and reflectivity
requirements fcr street name signs, regulatory signs, and warning signs. Staff also gave the Traffic
Commissione-s specific details on the guidelines on what is needed, how much it cost, and how
long it should take to replace City signage.
Commissiorp- Lewin suggested adding directional arrows on the street signs and possibly making
"City of Ros,:Tead" a little bit larger.
Staff will taka Commissioner Lewin's suggestions and see if they can be integrated into the sign
design. Staff also indicated that if the Commission is interested, the signs can be placed in three
locations as s pilot program to see if there is any feedback from the community.
Commissior~- Hall commended staff for keeping the Rosemead tradition with the color scheme
and design.
Commissior?, Lewin made a motion, seconded by Commissioner Hall to advise the City Council to
move farwam with the design and colors of the street signs with the following changes: 1.)
Increasing ity of Rosemead" by at least 1 or 2 font sizes; and 2.) Adding directional letters on the
residential/timiiness district signs and have arrows included on the intersection signs. Votes
resulted in:
Yes: Lewin, Hall, Russell, Deary, Masuda
No: None
Abstain: None
Absent: None
Rosemead Trarfic 3ommission Meeting
Minutes of Febn,ary 4, 2010
Page 4 of 5
5. STAFF REPORTS
Staff review~!J the monthly updates, traffic improvements, and agenda items for next month's
Commission meeting.
6. COMMISSIONER REPORTS
Commissioner Hall asked staff to add red curbing on the comers of Andy Pacheco Drive and post
up speed limit signs between Klingerman St. and Fern Ave. to make it safer for kids and
pedestrians.
Vice Chairwomen Russell would like for staff to install bofts dots on Garvey Ave. east of San
Gabriel Blvd `o prevent drivers from making a left turn when exiting Walgreens.
Commissione• Lewin would like to have the protected/permissive signals trial program on next
month'F m ; ~g.
Chairman kA?suda would like the Traffic Commissioners to email any minor corrections they may
have to the minutes. Staff will integrate comments into the Commission's meeting minutes. He
also asked tnat the reflective tape be added on the delineators that were recently installed in the
city.
7. ADJOU',,!JMENT
The meeting adjourned at 9:45 p.m. The next Traffic Commission meeting is scheduled for March
4, 2010 at 71)0p.m. and will take place at the Rosemead City Hall, City Council Chambers, 8838
East Valley dculevard.
Howard Masuda
Chairman
ATTEST:
Chris Marcar-ilo,
Deputy Public Works Director
Rosemead Traffic Commission Meeting
MinUI85 of Fet wary 4, 2010
Page 5 of 5
Minutes of the Regular
ROSEMEAD TRAFFIC COMMISSION MEETING
May 6, 2010
The Regular meeting of the Rosemead Traffic Commission was called to order by Chairman
Masuda at 7:08 p.m. in the Council Chambers, 8838 E. Valley Boulevard, Rosemead, California.
FLAG SALUTE: Commissioner Deary
INVOCATION: Chairman Masuda
PRESENT: Chairman Masuda, Vice Chairwoman Russell, Commissioner Deary, Commissioner
Lewin, Commissioner Hall
ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Sr. Management Hentabli, Traffic Consultant Itagaki, Admin. Assistant Llamas
1. PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM THE AUDIENCE
Helen Gunther, is concerned with drivers speeding on Marshall St. and ignoring the stop sign
between Marshall St. and Bartlett St. She would also like to see if staff can do something about
having vehicles parking to close to the corner of Dubonnet Ave. and Marshall St. due to the street
being narrower than others.
Mr. Krug, is concerned about cars speeding down De Adalena and would like staff to consider and
address this issue.
2. PRESENTATION OF PROPOSED AQUATICS FACILITIES
Director of Parks and Recreation David Montgomery-Scott presented a Power Point presentation.
Commissioner Deary asked what the process would be when they get approved for the
improvements and summer time comes around. He also suggested in possible installing a
competition pool at Garvey Pool.
Commissioner Lewin asked if they'll be improving the parking at Garvey Pool.
Vice Chairwoman Russell congratulated the Parks and Recreation Director for a great job.
3. CONSENT CALENDAR
A. The April 1, 2010 minutes were removed from the consent calendar for minor corrections.
Commissioner Lewin made a motion, seconded by Commissioner Hall to approve the minutes of
the April 1, 2010 Traffic Commission Meeting and included the minor corrections. Votes resulted
in:
Rosemead Traffic Commission Meeting
Minutes of April 1, 2010
Page 1 of 4
Yes: Lewin, Hall, Russell, Masuda, Deary
No: None
Abstain: None
Absent: None
4. OLD BUSINESS
A. NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PROGRAM-PROCESS AND
FLOWCHART
Staff presented the Traffic Commission with a Draft of the Neighborhood Traffic Management
Program Flowchart.
Commissioner Lewin questioned the percentage of property owners vs. renters needed to sign the
petition in order for a measure to be approved.
Chairman Masuda suggested in talking about the required percentages at a later time when it gets
closer to being approved.
Commissioner Lewin suggested in having a template used for the petition.
Staff will bring some sample petitions so the Commissioners can choose which one they would like
to use.
B. REQUEST TO REVIEW TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AT 8510 AND EAST FERN AVENUE
Jose Loera provided the Traffic Commissioners with a briefing of the items that have being
addressed at the location.
Commissioner Lewin would like to have a traffic study done along Willard Ave. and would also like
the alley included.
Commissioner Deary doesn't think a traffic study is needed along the alley due to a low volume of
traffic.
Commissioner Hall suggested in possibly having a study done along the alley to determine if the
one-way should only be effected during school only.
Staff recommended for the Commissioners to possibly wait and see if the improvements made
work out before having a full study done along those areas.
Commissioner Lewin asked if a warrant is needed to installing a crosswalk at Willard Ave.
Commissioner Lewin made a motion, seconded by Commissioner Deary to approve for staff to
have a study done along Willard Ave. to have a crosswalk installed east west of Willard Ave. Votes
resulted in:
Yes: Lewin, Deary, Russell, Masuda, Hall
No: None
Abstain: None
Absent: None
Rosemead Traffic Commission Meeting
Minutes of April 1, 2010
Page 2 of 4
C. STREET NAME SIGNS DESIGN AND REPLACEMENT PROGRAM
Staff provided the Traffic Commission with a briefing on the item.
Commissioner Lewin recommended in possibly making the rose a little darker.
Vice Chairwoman Russell made a motion, seconded by Commissioner Hall to have the rose and
stem darker. Votes resulted in:
Yes: Russell, Hall, Lewin, Masuda, Deary
No: None
Abstain: None
Absent: None
A. GUIDELINES RELATED TO THE INSTALLATION OF PROTECTED/PERMISSIVE
LEFT TURN PHASING
Staff provided the Commissioners with a briefing and explanation on why they should approve the
draft criteria for the installation of the Protected/Permissive left turn phasing.
Commissioner Lewin doesn't agree with the draft criteria for the installation of the
Protected/Permissive left turn phasing. He doesn't agree with the criteria due to changing the
signal from one left turn phase to another.
Commissioner Hall asked for clarification on the criteria in having a protective/permissive left turn
signal at the intersection of Rosemead Blvd and Mission Drive.
Staff informed the Commission that the intersection in question being Rosemead Blvd and Mission
Dr., Caltrans is responsible with dictating the type of operation needed and also informed them that
Caltrans also likes to have jurisdictions of all the signals a quarter mile of their off ramps.
5. STAFF REPORTS
Staff gave the Commissioners a briefing on current and future projects being worked on in the City
and also informed them of the items that will be taken to the Council for their approval.
6. COMMISSIONER REPORTS
Commissioner Russell commended staff on the outcome of the Walnut Grove Bridge. She would
also like staff to look into doing something in front of the fire stations to make the residents aware
of the fire trucks exiting on an emergency call as in adding a "KEEP CLEAR" or a flashing sign.
Commissioner Lewin would like staff to agendize the Walnut Grove and Mission Drive intersection
to possibly install a protective or protective permissive left turn lane signal, mainly going east/ west
on Mission Drive. Mr. Lewin would also like for staff to find out if Caltrans could adjust the timing of
the signals exiting the freeway to Walnut Grove, he would also like to see if staff can get
enforcement on DeAdelina and Rio Hondo to possibly get people who speed on those streets.
Commissioner Lewin would also like to complement staff with the work done on Walnut Grove and
on the bridge.
Rosemead Traffic Commission Meeting
Minutes of April 1, 2010
Page 3 of 4
7. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned at 9:34 p.m. The next Traffic Commission meeting is scheduled for June 3,
2010 at 7:00p.m. and will take place at the Rosemead City Hall, City Council Chambers, 8838 East
Valley Boulevard.
Howard Masuda
Chairman
ATTEST:
Chris Marcarello,
Deputy Public Works Director
Rosemead Traffic Commission Meeting
Minutes of April 1, 2010
Page 4 of 4
2009 Edition
CHAPTER 2D. GUIDE SIGNS-CONVENTIONAL ROADS
Page 137
Section 2D.01 Scope of Conventional Road Guide Sign Standards
Standard:
of The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to any road or street other than low-volume roads (as defined
in Section 5A.01), expressways, and freeways.
Section 2D.02 Application
Support:
01 Guide signs are essential to direct road users along streets and highways, to inform them of intersecting routes,
to direct them to cities, towns, villages, or other important destinations, to identify nearby rivers and streams,
parks, forests, and historical sites, and generally to give such information as will help them along their way in the
most simple, direct manner possible.
02 Chapter 2A addresses placement, location, and other general criteria for signs.
Section 2D.03 Color, Retroreflection, and Illumination
Support:
01 Requirements for illumination, retrorefiection, and color are stated under the specific headings for individual
guide signs or groups of signs. General provisions are given in Sections 2A.07, 2A.08, and 2A.10.
Standard:
02 Except where otherwise provided in this Manual for individual signs or groups of signs, guide signs on
streets and highways shall have a white message and border on a green background. All messages, borders,
and legends shall be retroreflective and all backgrounds shall be retroreflective or illuminated.
Support:
03 Color coding is sometimes used to help road users distinguish between multiple potentially confusing
destinations. Examples of valuable uses of color coding include guide signs for roadways approaching or inside
an airport property with multiple terminals serving multiple airlines, and community wayfinding guide signs for
various traffic generator destinations within a community or area.
Standard:
04 Except where otherwise provided in this Manual, different color sign backgrounds shall not be used to
provide color coding of destinations. The color coding shall be accomplished by the use of different colored
square or rectangular sign panels on the face of the guide signs.
Option:
05 The different colored sign panels may include a black or white (whichever provides the better contrast with the
panel color) letter, numeral, or other appropriate designation to identify an airport terminal or other destination.
Support:
06 Two examples of color-coded sign assemblies are shown in Figure 213-1. Section 2D.50 contains specific
prwisions regarding Community NN'ayfinding guide signs.
Section 2D.04 Side of Signs
Standard:
of Except as provided in Section 2A.11, the sizes of conventional road guide signs that have standardized
designs shall be as shown in Table 2D-1.
Support:
02 Section 2A.1 I contains information regarding the applicability of the various columns in Table 2D-1.
Option:
03 Signs larger than those shown in Table 213-1 may be used (see Section 2A.11).
Support:
04 For other guide signs, the legends are so variable that a standardized design or size is not appropriate. The
sign size is determined primarily by the length of the message, and the size of lettering and spacing necessary for
proper legibility.
Option:
os Reduced letter height, reduced interline spacing, and reduced edge spacing may be used on guide signs if sign
size must be limited by factors such as lane width or vertical or lateral clearance.
December 2009 Sect. 2D.01 to 2D.04
Page 138
Figure 2D-1. Examples of Color-Coded Destination Guide Signs
A - Freeway or Expressway - Airport Terminals
B - Conventional Road or Street - Urban Areas
2009 Edition
Guidance:
os Reduced spacing between the letters or words on a line nf legend should not be used as a means of reducing
the overall size of a guide sign, except where determined necessary by engineering judgment to nieet unusual
lateral space constraints. In such cases, the legibility distance of the sign legend should be the primary
consideration in determining whether to reduce the spacing between the letters or the words or between the words
and the sign border, or to reduce the letter height.
07 When a reduction in the prescribed size is necessary, the design used should be as similar as possible to the
design for the standard size.
Section 2D.05 Lettering Style
Standard:
01 The design of upper-case letters, lower-case letters, numerals, route shields, and spacing shall be as
provided in the "Standard Highway Signs and Markings" book (see Section IA.11).
02 The lettering for names of places, streets, and highways on conventional road guide signs shall be a
combination of lower-case letters with initial upper-case letters (see Section 2A.13). The nominal loop
height of the lower-case letters shall be 314 the height of the initial upper-case letter. When a mixed-case
legend letter height is specified referring only to the initial upper-case letter, the height of the lower-case
letters that follow shall be determined by this proportion. When the height of a lower-case letter is
referenced, the reference is made to the nominal loop height and the height of the initial upper-case letter
shall also be determined by this proportion.
03 All other word legends on conventional road guide signs shall be in upper-case letters.
04 The unique letter forms for each of the Standard Alphabet series shall not be stretched, compressed,
warped, or otherwise manipulated. Modifications to the length of a word for a given letter height and series
shall be accomplished only by the methods described in Section 2D.04.
Section 2D.06 Size of Lettering
Support:
of Sign legibility is a direct function of letter sire and spacing. Legibility distance has to be, sufficient to give
road users enough time to read and comprehend the sign. Under optimum conditions, a guide sign message can
be read and understood in a brief glance. The legibility distance takes into account factors such as inattention,
blocking of view by other vehicles, unfavorable weather, inferior eyesight, or other causes for delayed or slow
reading. Where conditions permit, repetition of guide information on successive signs gives the road user more
than one opportunity to obtain the information needed.
Sect. 2D.04 to 2D,06 December 2009
2009 Edition
Table 2D-1. Conventional Road Guide Sign Sizes
Sign
Sign
Designation
Section
Conventional
Road
Minimum
Oversized
Interstate Route Si 1 or 2 digii
M i-1
2D.11
24 x 24
24 x 24
36 x 36
Interstate Route Sign (3 digits)
M1-1
2D.11
30 x 24
30 x 24
45 x 36
Off-Interstate Route Sign (1 or 2 digits)
M1-2,3
2D.11
24 x 24
24 x 24
36 x 36
Oft-Interstate Route Sign (3 digits)
M1-2.3
2D.11
30 x 24
30 x 24
45 x 36
U.S. Route Sign (1 or 2 digits)
M1-4
213.11
24 x 24
24 x 24
38 x 36
U.S. Route Sign (3 digits)
M1-4
2D.11
30 x 24
30 x 24
45 x 36
State Route Sign (1 or 2 digits)
M1-5
2D.11
24 x 24
24 x 24
36 x 36
State Route Sign (3 digils)
M1-5
2D.11
30 x 24
30 x 24
45 x 36
County Route Sign (1, 2, or 3 dl Os)
M1-6
2D.11
24 x 24
24 x 24
36 x 36
Forest Route (1, 2, or 3 digits)
M1-7
20.11
24 x 24
18 x 18
36 x 36
Junction
M2-1
2D.13
21 x 15
21 x 15
30 x 21
Combination Junction (2 route signs)
M2-2
2D. 14
60 x 48'
Cardinal Direction
M3-1,2,3,4
20.15
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
Alternate
M4-1,1a
2D.17
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
By-Pass
M4-2
2D.18
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
Business
M4-3
2D.19
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
Truck
M4.4
2D.20
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
TO
M4-5
2D.21
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
End
M4-6
2D.22
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
Temporary
M4-77a
2D.24
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
Begin
M4-14
2D.23
24 x 12
24 x 12
36 x 18
Advance Turn Arrow
M5-1,2,3
2D.28
21 x 15
21 x 15
-
Lane Designation
M5-4,5,6
213.33
24 x 18
24x 18
36 x 24
Directional Arrow
M6 1,2,2a,3,4.
5,6,7
2D.29
21 x 15
21 x 15
30 x 21
Destination (1 One)
D1-1
21139
Varies x 18
Varies x 18
-
Destination and Distance (1 line)
D1-1a
2D.39
Varies x 18
Varies x 16
-
Clrcluar Intersection Destination 1 line
D11-1d
2D.40
Varies x 18
Varies x 18
-
Circluar Intersection Departure Guide
D1-1e
2D.40
Varies x 42'
Destination (2 lines)
131.2
2D.39
Varies x 30
Varies x 30
-
Destination and Distance (2 lines)
D1-2a
2D.39
Varies x 30
Varies x 30
-
Circluar Intersection Destination (2 lines)
D11-2d
2D.40
Varies x 30
Varies x 30
-
Destination (3 lines)
D1-3
2D.39
Varies x 42
Varies x 42
-
Destination and Distance (3 lines)
D11-3a
2D.39
Varies x 42
Varies x 42
-
Circluar Intersection Destination (3 lines)
D1-3d
2D 40
Varies x 42
Varies x 42
-
Distance (1 line)
D2-1
2D.43
Varies x 18
Varies x 18
-
Distance (2 lines)
D2-2
2D.43
Varies x 30
Varies x 30
-
Distance 3 lines
132-3
2D.43
Varies x 42
Varies x 42
-
Street Name (1 line)
D3-1.1a
2D.45
Varies x 12
Varies x 8
Varies x 18
Advance Street Name (2 Ones)
133.2
213.46
Varies x 30'
-
-
Advance Street Name (3 lines)
D3-2
2D 46
Varies x 42'
-
-
Advance Street Name (4 lines
D3-2
2D.46
Varies x 60'
-
-
Parking Area
D4-1
2D.49
30 x 24
18 x 15
-
Park - Ride
D4.2
2D.5o
30 x 3e
24 x 30
36 x 48
National Scenic Byways
D6-4
2D 56
24 x 24
24 x 24
-
National Scenic Byways
D6-4a
2D.56
24 x 12
24 x 12
-
Weigh Station XX Miles
D8-1
2D.51
78 x 60
60 x 48
96 x 72
Weigh Station Next Right
D8-2
2D.51
84 x 72
66 x 54
108 x 90
Weigh Station (with arrow)
D8-3
2D.51
66 x 60
48 x 42
84 x 76
Crossover
D13-1,2
2D.55
60 x 30
60 x 30
78 x 42
Freeway Entrance
D13-3
2D.48
48 x 30
48 x 30
-
Freeway Entrance with arrow)
D13-3a
20.48
48 x 42
48 x 42
-
Combination Lane Use/ Destination
D15-1
2D.35
Varies x 96
Varies x 96
-
Next Truck Lane XX Miles
D17-1
2D.53
42 x 48
42 x 48
60 x88
Truck Lane XX Miles
D17-2
2D.53
42 x 42
42 x 42
60 x 54
Slow Vehicle 7Lrn-Out XX Miles
D17-7
2D.54
72 x 42
72 x 42
96x54
'The size shown is for a typical sign. The size should be appropriately based on the amount of legend required for the sign.
Notes: 1. Larger signs may be used when appropriate
2. Dimensions in inches are shown as width x height
Page 139
December 2(119 Sccl. 213.06
Page 140 2009 Edition
Standard:
02 Design layouts for conventional road guide signs showing interline spacing, edge spacing, and
other specification details shall be as shown in the "Standard Highway Signs and Markings" book
(see Section l A. 11).
03 The principal legend on guide signs shall be in letters and numerals at least 6 inches in height for all
upper-case letters, or a combination of 6 inches in height for upper-case letters and 4.5 inches in height for
lower-case letters. On low-volume roads (as defined in Section 5A.01) with speeds of 25 mph or less, and on
urban streets with speeds of 25 mph or less, the principal legend shall be in letters at least 4 inches in height
for all upper-case letters, or a combination of 4 inches in height for upper-case letters and 3 inches in height
for lower-case letters.
Guidance:
04 Lettering sites should be consistent on any particular class of highway.
05 The minimum lettering sizes provided in this Manual should be exceeded where conditions indicate a need
for greater legibility.
Section 2D.07 Amount of Legend
Support:
01 The longer the legend on a guide sign, the longer it will take road users to comprehend it, regardless of
letter size.
Guidance:
02 Except where otherwise provided in this Manual, guide signs should be limited to no more than three lilies
of destinations, which include place names, route numbers, street names, and cardinal directions. Where two or
more signs are included in the same overhead display, the amount of legend should be further minimized. Where
appropriate, a distance message or action information, such as an exit number, NEXT RIGHT, or directional
arrows, should be provided on guide signs in addition to the destinations.
Section 2D.08 Arrows
Support:
01 Arrows are used for lane assignment and to indicate the direction toward designated routes or destinations.
Figure 2D-2 shows the various standard arrow designs that have been approved for use on guide signs. Detailed
drawings and standardized sizes based on ranges of letter heights are shown for these arrows in the "Standard
Highway Signs and Markings" book (see Section IA.I1).
Standard:
02 On overhead signs where it is desirable to indicate a lane to be followed, a down arrow shall be
positioned approximately over the center of the lane and shall point vertically downward toward the
approximate center of that lane. Down arrows shall be used only on overhead guide signs that restrict the
use of specific lanes to traffic bound for the destination(s) and/or route(s) indicated by these arrows. Down
arrows shall not be used unless an arrow can be located over and pointed to the approximate center of each
lane that can be used to reach the destination displayed on the sign.
03 If down arrows are used, having more than one down arrow pointing to the same lane on a single
overhead sign (or on multiple signs on the same overhead sign structure) shall not be permitted.
04 Where a roadway is leaving the through lanes, a directional arrow shall point upward at an angle that
approximates the alignment of the exit roadway.
Option:
05 Curved-stem arrows (see Figure 213-8) that represent the intended driver paths to destinations involving
left-turn movements may be used on guide signs on approaches to circular intersections.
Standard:
06 Curved-stem arrows shall not be used on any sign that is not associated with a circular intersection.
Guidance:
07 If curved-stem arrows are used, the principles set forth in Sections 2D.26 through 2D.29 should be followed.
0e The Type A directional arrow should be used on guide signs on freeways, expressways, and conventional
roads to indicate the direction to a specific destination or group of destinations, except as otherwise provided in
this Section and in Section 2E.19.
09 When a directional arrow in a vertical, upward-pointing orientation is placed to the side of a group of
destinations to indicate a through movement, the Type A directional arrow should be used. When a directional
arrow in a vertical, upward-pointing orientation is placed to the side of a single destination or under a
destination or group of destinations, the Tyne B directional arrow should be used.
Sect. 2D.06 to 2D.08 December 2009
2009 Edition
Type A
Figure 2D-2. Arrows for Use on Guide Signs
Type A - Extended
Page 141
Directional Arrows
44
Type B
Type C
Type D
Down Arrow
Note: The "Standard Highway Signs
and Markings" book contains the
details of these arrow designs.
10 The 7:ype 8 directional arrow should be used on guide signs on conventional roads when placed at any angle
to the side of a single destination or when placed in a horizontal orientation to the side of a group of destinations.
11 The Type C advance turn directional arrow should be used on conventional road guide signs placed in
advance of an intersection where a turn must be made to reach a posted destination or group of destinations.
12 The Type D directional arrow should be used printarilY for sign applications other than guide signs, except as
provided in Paragraph 15.
Option:
13 The Type A-Extended directional arrow may be used on guide signs where additional emphasis regarding the
direction is needed relative to the amount of legend on the sign.
14 The Type C directional arrow may be used to the side of the legend of an overhead guide sign to accentuate a
sharp turn exit maneuver from a mainline roadway (see Section 2E.36 for additional information regarding Exit
Direction signs for low advisory ramp speeds).
15 On conventional roads on the approach to an intersection where the Combination Lane-Use/Destination
overhead guide sign (see Section 2D.33) is not used, the Type C advance turn directional arrow may be used
beneath the legend of an overhead guide sign to indicate the fact that a turn must be made from a mandatory
movement lane over which the sign is placed to reach the destination or destinations displayed on the sign.
16 The Type D directional arrow may be used on post-mounted guide signs on conventional roads with lower
operating speeds if the height of the text on the sign is 8 inches or less.
17 The directional and down arrows shown in Figure 2D-2 may be used on signs other than guide signs for the
purposes of providing directional guidance and lane assignment.
Guidance:
18 Arrows used on guide signs to indicate the directions toward designated routes or destinations should be
pointed at the appropriate angle to clearly cone ti the direction to be taken. A horizontallY oriented directional
arrow design should be used at right-angle intersections.
19 On a post-mounted guide sign, a directional arrow for a straight-through movement should point upward.
E.vicept as provided in Section 2D.46, for a turn, the arrow on a guide sign should point horizontally or at an
upward angle that approxiniates the sharpness of the turn.
20 At an e.vit, an arrow should be placed at the side of the sign that will reinforce the ►novenre nt of exiting traffic.
The directional arrow design should be used.
December 2009 Sect. 2D.08
Page 142
2009 Edition
Option:
21 Arrows may be placed below the principal sign legend or on the appropriate side of the legend.
22 On a post-mounted sign at an exit where placement of the arrow to the side of the legend farthest from the
roadway would create an unusually wide sign that limits the road user's view of the arrow, the directional arrow
may be placed at the bottom portion of the sign, centered under the legend.
Guidance:
23 The width across the arrowhead for the Tvpes A, B, and C directional arrows should be between 1.5 and 1.75
times the height of the upper-ease letters of the principal legend on the sign. The width across the arrowhead
for the Type D directional arrow should be at least equal to the height of the upper-ease letters of the principal
legend on the sign. For down arrows used on overhead signs, the width across the arrowhead should be
approximately two times the height of the upper-case letters of the principal legend on the sign.
24 Arrows used in Overhead Arrow-per-Lune and Diagrammatic guide signing, of used on conventional roads,
except for signs on approaches to roundabouts, should follow the principles set forth in Section 2E. 19. Arrows
used in Diagrammatic guide signing on approaches to roundabouts should follow the principles set forth in
Section 2D.38.
Support:
25 The "Standard Highway Signs and Markings" book (see Section 1A.1 1) contains design details and
standardized sizes of the various arrows based on ranges of letter heights of principal legends.
Section 2D.09 Numbered Highway Systems
Support:
01 The purpose of numbering and signing highway systems is to identify routes and facilitate travel.
02 The Interstate and United States (U.S.) highway systems are numbered by the American Association of State
Highway and'Transportation Officials (AASI iTO) upon recommendations of the State highway organizations
because the respective States own these systems. State and county road systems are numbered by the appropriate
authorities.
03 The basic policy for numbering the Interstate and U.S. highway systems is contained in the following Purpose
and Policy statements published by AASHTO (see Page i for AASHTO's address):
A. "Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways," and
B. "Establishment of a Marking System of the Routes Comprising the National System of Interstate and
Defense Highways."
Guidance:
04 The principles of these policies should be followed in establishing the highway a_vstents described in
Paragraph 2 and any other systems, with effective coordination between adjacent jurisdictions. Care should
be taken to avoid the use of numbers or other designations that have been assigned to Interstate, U.S., or State
routes in the same geographic area. Overlapping numbered routes should be kept to a ►ninintum.
Standard:
05 Route systems shall be given preference in this order: interstate, United States, State, and county.
The preference shall be given by installing the highest-priority legend on the top or the left of the sign.
Support:
06 Section 213.53 contains information regarding the signing of unnumbered highways to enhance route guidance
and facilitate travel.
Section 2D.10 Route Signs and Auxiliary Signs
Standard:
01 All numbered highway routes shall be identified by route signs and auxiliary signs.
02 The signs for each system of numbered highways, which are distinctive in shape and color, shall be used
only on that system and the approaches thereto.
Option:
03 Route signs and auxiliary signs may be proportionally enlarged where greater legibility is needed.
Support:
04 Route signs are typically mounted in assemblies with auxiliary signs.
05 Section 2D.55 contains information regarding the signing for National Scenic Byways.
Ds Section 2H.07 contains information regarding the signing for Auto Tour Routes.
Sect. 2D.08 to 2D.10 Dccembcr 2009
2009 Edition
Section 2113.11 Design of Route Signs
Standard:
of The "Standard Highway Signs and Markings"
book (see Section IA.11) shall be used for
designing route signs. Other route sign designs
shall be established by the authority having
jurisdiction.
02 Interstate Route signs (see Figure 2D-3) shall
consist of a cutout shield, with the route number
in white letters on a blue background, the word
INTERSTATE in white upper-case letters on a red
background, and a white border. This sign shall
be used on all Interstate routes and in connection
with route sign assemblies on intersecting
highways.
03 A 24 x 24-inch minimum sign size shall be
used for Interstate route numbers with one or two
digits, and a 30 x 24-inch minimum sign size shall
be used for Interstate route numbers having three
digits.
Option:
04 Interstate Route signs may contain the State name
in white upper-case letters on a blue background.
Standard:
os Off-Interstate Business Route signs
(see Figure 213-3) shall consist of a cutout shield
carrying the number of the connecting Interstate
route and the words BUSINESS and either LOOP
or SPUR in upper-case letters. The legend and
Page 143
Figure 2D-3. Route Signs
LOOP
221.,'
Interstate Route Sign Off-Interstate Business Route Sign
M1-1 M1-2 (Loop), M1-3 (Spur)
E go I
E0
U.S. Route Sign State Route Sign
M1-4 M1-5
County Route Sign Forest Route Sign
M1-6 M1-7
border shall be white on a green background, and
the shield shall be the same shape and dimensions as the Interstate Route sign. In no instance shall the
word INTERSTATE appear on the Off-Interstate Business Route sign.
Option:
06 The Off-Interstate Business Route sign may be used on a major highway that is not a part of the Interstate
system, but one that serves the business area of a city from an interchange on the system.
07 When used on a green guide sign, a white square or rectangle may be placed behind the shield to
improve contrast.
Standard:
08 U.S. Route signs (see Figure 2D-3) shall consist of black numerals on a white shield surrounded
by a rectangular black background without a border. This sign shall be used on all U.S. routes and in
connection with route sign assemblies on intersecting highways.
09 A 24 x 24-inch minimum sign size shall be used for U.S. route numbers with one or two digits, and a
30 x 24-inch minimum sign size shall be used for U.S. route numbers having three digits.
10 State Route signs shall he designed by the individual State highway agencies.
Guidance:
11 State Route signs (see Figure 2D-3) should be rectangular and should be approximately the same size as the
U.S. Route sign. State Route signs should also be similar to the U.S. Route sign by containing approximately the
same size black mtmerals on a white area surrounded by a rectangular black background without a border. The
shape of the white area should be circular in the absence of any determination to the contrary by the individual
State concerned.
12 Where U.S. or State Route signs are used as components of guide signs, only the distinctive shape of
the shield itself and the route numerals within should be used. The rectangular background upon which the
distinctive shape of the shield is mounted, such as the black area around the outside of the shields on the MI-4
and standard MI-5 signs, should not be included on the guide sign. Where U.S. or State Route signs are used as
components of other signs of non-contrasting background colors, the rectangular background should be used to
so that recognition of the distinctive shape of the shield can be maintained.
Decemt,cr -'009 Sect. 2D.I I
Page 144 2009 Edition
Standard:
13 If county road authorities elect to establish and identify a special system of important county roads, a
statewide policy for such signing shall be established that includes a uniform numbering system to uniquely
identify each route. The County Route (M 1-6) sign (see Figure 213-3) shall consist of a pentagon shape with
a yellow county name and route number and border on a blue background. County Route signs displaying
two digits or the equivalent (letter and numeral, or two letters) shall be a minimum size of 18 x 18 inches;
those carrying three digits or the equivalent shall be a minimum size of 24 x 24 inches.
14 If a jurisdiction uses letters instead of numbers to identify routes, all references to numbered routes in
this Chapter shall be interpreted to also include lettered routes.
Guidance:
16 If used with other route signs in common assemblies, the County Route sign should be of a size compatible
with that of the other route signs.
Option:
16 When used on a green guide sign, a yellow square or rectangle may be placed behind the County Route sign to
improve contrast.
Standard:
17 Route signs (see Figure 2D-3) for park and forest roads shall be designed with adequate distinctiveness
and legibility and of a size compatible with other route signs used in common assemblies.
Section 2D.12 Design of Route Sign Auxiliaries
Standard:
01 Route sign auxiliaries carrying word legends, except the JCT sign, shall have a standard size of 24 x 12
inches. Those carrying arrow symbols, or the JCT sign, shall have a standard size of 21 x 15 inches. All
route sign auxiliaries shall match the color combination of the route sign that they supplement.
Guidance:
02 With route signs of larger heights, auxiliary, signs should be suitably enlarged, but not such that they exceed
the width of the route sign.
D3 The background, legend, and border of a route sign auxiliary should have the saute colors as those of the
route sign with which the auxiliarv is mounted in a route sign assembly (see Section 2D.29). For a route sign
design that uses multiple background colors, such as the Interstate route sign, the background color of the
corresponding auxiliary should be that of the background area on which the route number is placed on the route
sign.
Option:
04 A route sign and any auxiliary signs used with it may be combined on a single sign as a guide sign.
Guidance:
05 If a route sign and its auxiliary signs are combined to form a single guide sign, the background color (ff the
sign should be green and the design should comply tivith the basic principles fur the design q f guide signs.
Standard:
06 If a route sign and its auxiliary signs are combined on a single sign with a green background, the
auxiliary messages shall be white legends placed directly on the green background. Auxiliary signs shall
not be mounted directly to a guide sign or other type of sign.
Support:
07 Chapter 2F contains information regarding auxiliary signs for toll highways.
Section 2D.13 Junction Auxiliary Sign (M2-1)
Standard:
01 The Junction (M2-1) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) shall carry the abbreviated legend JCT and shall
be mounted at the top of an assembly (see Section 2D.30) directly above the route sign, the sign for an
alternative route (see Section 2D.17) that is part of the route designation, or the Cardinal Direction auxiliary
sign where access is available only to one direction of the intersected route. The minimum size of the
Junction auxiliary sign shall be 21 x 15 inches for compatibility with auxiliary signs carrying arrow symbols.
Sect. 2D.I I to 2D.13 December 2009
2009 Edition
Figure 213-4. Route Sign Auxiliaries
F CT
Page 145
EAST SOUTH WEST
M3-1 M3-2 M3-3 M3-4
ALTERNATE ALT BY-PASS BUSINESS
M2-1 M2-2 M4-1 M4-1 a M4-2 M4-3
TRUCK TO END TEMPORARY TEMP BEGIN
M4-4 M4-5 M4-6 M4-7 M4-7a M4-14
Section 2D.14 Combination Junction Sign (M2-2)
Option:
01 As an alternative to the standard Junction assembly where more than one route is to be intersected or joined,
a rectangular guide sign may be used carrying the word JUNCTION above the route numbers.
Standard:
02 The Combination Junction (M2-2) sign (see Figure 2D-4) shall have a green background with white
border and lettering for the word JUNCTION.
Guidance:
03 The Combination Junction sign should comply with the specific provisions of Section 2D.11 regarding the
incorporation of the route signs as components of guide signs.
04 Although the size of the Combination Junction sign will depend on the number of routes involved, the
numerals should be large enough for clear legibility and should be of a size comparable with those in the
individual route signs.
Section MIS Cardinal Direction Auxiliary Signs (M3-1 through M3-4)
Guidance:
DI Cardinal Direction auxiliary signs (see Figure 2D-4) carrying the legend NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, or WEST
should be used to indicate the general direction of the entire route.
Standard:
02 To improve the readability and recognition of the cardinal directions, the first letter of the cardinal
direction words shall be ten percent larger, rounded up to the nearest whole number size.
03 If used, the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign or, if used,
an auxiliary sign for an alternative route.
Section 2D.16 Auxiliary Signs for Alternative Routes (M4 Series)
Option:
01 Auxiliary signs, carrying legends such as ALTERNATE, BY-PASS, BUSINESS, or TRUCK, may be used to
indicate an alternate route of the same number between two points on that route.
Standard:
02 If used, the auxiliary signs for alternative routes shall be mounted directly above a route sign.
Section 2D.17 ALTERNATE Auxiliary Signs (M4-1, M4-1a)
Option:
01 The ALTERNATE (M4-1) or the ALT (M4-1a) auxiliary sign (see Figure 21)-4) may be used to indicate an
officially designated alternate routing of a numbered route between two points on that route.
Standard:
02 If used, the ALTERNATE or ALT auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign.
Decemher 2009 Sect. 21).14 to 2D.17
Page 146
2009 Edition
Guidance:
03 The shorter (tine or distance) or better-constructed route should retain the regular route number, and the
longer or worse-constructed route should be designated as the alternate route.
Section 2D.18 BY-PASS Auxiliary Sign (M4-2)
Option:
01 The BY-PASS (M4-2) auxiliary sign (see Figure 213-4) may be used to designate a route that branches from
the numbered route through a city, bypasses it part of the city or congested area, and rejoins the numbered route
beyond the city.
Standard:
02 If used, the BY-PASS auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign.
Section 2D.19 BUSINESS Auxiliary Sign (M4-3)
Option:
01 The BUSINESS (M4-3) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) may be used to designate an alternate route that
branches from a numbered route, passes through the business portion of a city, and rejoins the numbered route
beyond that area.
Standard:
02 If used, the BUSINESS auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign.
Section 2D.20 TRUCK Auxiliary Sign (M4-4)
Option:
01 The TRUCK (M4-4) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) may be used to designate an alternate route that
branches from a numbered route, when it is desirable to encourage or require commercial vehicles to use the
alternate route.
Standard:
02 If used, the TRUCK auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign.
Section 2D.21 TO Auxiliary Sign (M4-5)
Option:
Ut The TO (M4-5) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) may be used to provide directional guidance to a particular
road facility from other highways in the vicinity (see Section 213.35).
Standard:
02 If used, the TO auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign or an auxiliary sign for an
alternative route. If a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign is also included in the assembly, the TO auxiliary
sign shall he mounted directly above the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign.
Section 2D.22 END Auxiliary Sign (M4-6)
Guidance:
of The END (M4-6) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) should be used where the route being traveled ends,
usually at a junction with another route.
Standard:
02 If used, the END auxiliary sign shall be mounted either directly above a route sign or above a sign for
an alternative route that is part of the designation of the route being terminated.
Section 2D.23 BEGIN Auxiliary Sign (M4-14)
Option:
01 The BEGIN (M4-14) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) may be used where a route begins, usually at a junction
with another route.
Standard:
02 If used, the BEGIN auxiliary sign shall be mounted at the top of the first Confirming assembly
(see Section 2D.34) for the route that is beginning.
Guidance:
03 If a BEGIN au-viliary sign is included in the first Confirming assembly, a Cardinal Direction auriliary sign
should also be included in the assembly.
Sect. 2D.17 to 2D.23 December 2009
2009 Edition
Page 147
Standard:
04 If a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign is also included in the assembly, the BEGIN auxiliary sign shall
be mounted directly above the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign.
Section 2D.24 TEMPORARY Auxiliary Signs (M4-7. M4-7a)
Option:
The TEMPORARY (M4-7) or the TEMP (M4-7a) auxiliary sign (see Figure 213-4) may be used for an interim
period to designate a section of'highway that is not planned as it permanent part of a numbered route, but that
connects completed portions of that route.
Standard:
02 If used, the TEMPORARY or TEMP auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above the route
sign, above a Cardinal Direction sign, or above a sign for an alternate route that is a part of the
route designation.
03 TEMPORARY or TEMP auxiliary signs shall be promptly removed when the temporary route
is abandoned.
Section 2D.25 Temporary Detour and Auxiliary Signs
Support:
01 Chapter 6F contains information regarding Temporary Detour and Auxiliary signs.
Section 2D.26 Advance Turn Arrow Auxiliary Signs (M5-1. M5-2, and M5-3)
Standard:
of If used, the Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-5) shall be mounted directly below the
route sign in Advance Route Turn assemblies, and displays a right or left arrow, the shaft of which is bent at
a 90-degree angle (M5-1) or at a 45-degree angle (M5-2).
02 If used, the curved-stem Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary (M5-3) sign shall be used only on the approach
to a circular intersection to depict a movement along the circulatory roadway around the central island and
to the left, relative to the approach roadway and entry into the intersection.
Guidance:
03 If the M5-3 sign is used, then this arrow type should also be used consistently on any regulatory lane-use
signs (see Chapter 2B). Destination signs (see Section 2D.37), card pavement markings (see Part 3) for a
particular destination or Ntot,entent.
Figure 213-5. Advance Turn and Directional Arrow Auxiliary Signs
LEFT CENTER RIGHT
LANE LANE LANE
M5-1 M5-2 M5-3 M5-4 M5-5 M5-6
M6-1 M6-2 M6-2a M6-3
M6-4 M6-5 M6-6 M6-7
Deceniher --01") tied. 21123 to 21).26
Page 148
2009 Edition
Section 2D.27 Lane Designation Auxiliary Signs (M5-4, M5-5, and M5-6)
Option:
01 A Lane Designation (M5-4. M5-5, or M5-6) auxiliary sign (see Figure 213-5) may be mounted directly below
the route sign in an Advance Route Turn assembly on multi-lane roadways to allow road users to move into the
appropriate lane prior to reaching the intersection or interchange.
Standard:
02 if used, the Lane Designation auxiliary signs shall be used only where the designated lane is a
mandatory movement lane and shall be located adjacent to the full-width portion of the mandatory
movement lane. The Lane Designation auxiliary signs shall not be installed adjacent to a through lane in
advance of a lane that is being added or along the taper for a lane that is being added.
Section 2D.28 Directional Arrow Auxiliary Signs (M6 Series)
Standard:
of If used, the Directional Arrow auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-5) shall be mounted below the route
sign and any other auxiliary signs in Directional assemblies (see Section 2D.32), and displays a single- or
double-headed arrow pointing in the general direction that the route follows.
02 A Directional Arrow auxiliary sign that displays a double-headed arrow shall not be mounted in any
Directional assembly in advance of or at a circular intersection.
Option:
03 The downward pointing diagonal arrow auxiliary (M6-2a) sign may be used in a Directional assembly at
the far corner of an intersection to indicate the immediate entry point to a freeway or expressway entrance ramp
(see Section 2D.46).
Standard:
04 The M6-2a sign shall not be used on the approach to or on the near side of an intersection, such as to
designate an approach lane.
Section 2D.29 Route Sign Assemblies
Standard:
Di A Route Sign assembly shall consist of a route sign and auxiliary signs that further identify the route
and indicate the direction. Route Sign assemblies shall be installed on all approaches to numbered routes
that intersect with other numbered routes.
02 Where two or more routes follow the same section of highway, the route signs for interstate, U.S., State,
and county routes shall be mounted in that order from the left in horizontal arrangements and from the top
in vertical arrangements. Subject to this order of precedence, route signs for lower-numbered routes shall
be placed at the left or top.
03 Within groups of assemblies, information for routes intersecting from the left shall be mounted at the
left in horizontal arrangements and at the top or center of vertical arrangements. Similarly, information
for routes intersecting from the right shall be at the right or bottom, and for straight-through routes at the
center in horizontal arrangements or top in vertical arrangements.
04 Route Sign assemblies shall be mounted in accordance with the general specifications for signs
(Chapter 2A), with the lowest sign in the assembly at the height prescribed for single signs.
Guidance:
05 Assemblies for nvo or more routes, or for different directions on the same route, should be mounted in groups
on a conunon support.
Option:
06 Route Sign assemblies may be installed on the approaches to numbered routes on unnumbered roads and
streets that carry an appreciable amount of traffic destined for the numbered route.
07 The diagrammatic route guide sign format, such as the DI-5 and Dl-5a signs shown in Figure 2D-8, may be
used on approaches to roundabouts.
0e If engineering judgment indicates that groups of assemblies that include overlapping routes or multiple turns
might be confusing, route signs or auxiliary signs may be omitted or combined, provided that clear directions are
given to road users.
Support:
D9 Figure 213-6 shows typical placements of route signs.
Seci. 21).27 io 21).29 beccmtxr 2009
2009 Edition
Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs
(for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 1 of 4)
UsHO ft3; STATEROUTES1s83
Eureka 15
Camden 17 Steelton 57
U
Portland 38 200 It Ll
200" 300"* NORTH NORTH
MIN
NORTH S
37 300"=
I 'i T) NORTH NORTH
18
TRAFFIC
SIGNAL
18
7_~
200 t1
MIN.
Page 149
J
C
:
(Enlarged, if
necessar
I
y)
25
to
200 If
WEST
EAST S
OUTH
44
44
3
U.S. ROUTE 44
STATE ROUTE 3
_F 1
200" 400 it
MIN. MIN.
't
3
U.S. ROUTE 37
STATE ROUTE 15
Note: The spacings shown on this figure are for rural intersections.
See Sections 2D.29, 2D.30, 2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 2D.42 for low-speed and/or urban conditions.
December 2009 Sect. 2D.29
Page 150
2009 Edition
STATE ROUTES
15 AND 8
U.S. ROUTE 56
Note: The spacings shown on this figure are for rural intersections.
See Sections 2D.29, 2D.30, 2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 2D.42 for low-speed and/or urban conditions.
Sect. 2D.29 Decanter 2009
Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs
(for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 2 of 4)
2009 Edition Page 151
Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs
(for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 3 of 4)
STATE ROUTE 4 U.S. ROUTE 86
TRAFFIC STATE ROUTE 4
SIGNAL
300 ft
25 to 200 It 1
4 !=A
_1111~
It
wA D
R A
v_ ~
U.S. ROUTE 55
NORTH
55
4
U.S. ROUTE 86
LINDA ST
(Enlarged, d necessary)
NORTH _NORTH
l
_I I ~'CKTal I I
U S. ROU ES 55 U. S. ROUTE 55
AND 57
Note: The spacings shown on this figure are for rural intersections.
See Sections 2D.29, 2D.30, 2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 2D.42 for low-speed and/or urban conditions.
Decemher 2009 Sect. 2D.29
Page 152
Note: The spacings shown on this figure are for
rural intersections. See Sections 2D.29,
2D.30, 2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 2D.42 for
low-speed and/or urban conditions.
Sec i. 2D.24
STATE
ROUTE 65
2009 Edition
Deccmher 2009
Figure 213-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs
(for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 4 of 4)
2009 Edition
Pagc 153
Section 2D.30 Junction Assembly
Standard:
01 A Junction assembly shall consist of a Junction auxiliary sign and a route sign. The route sign shall
carry the number of the intersected or joined route.
02 The Junction assembly shall be installed in advance of every intersection where a numbered route is
intersected or joined by another numbered route.
Guidance:
03 /it urban areas, the Junction assembly should be installed in the block preceding the intersection. /it urban
areas where speeds are low, the Junction assenlblY should not be installed more than 300 feet in advance of
the intersection.
04 In rural areas, the Junction assenibi'v should be installed at least 400 feet in advance of the intersection.
In rural areas, the minintunt distance between a .1unc•tion assembly and dither a Destination sign or an Advance
Route Turn assentbtY should be 200 feet.
05 Where speeds are high, greater spacings should be used.
Option:
06 Where two or more routes are to be indicated, a single Junction auxiliary sign may be used for the assembly
and all route signs grouped in a single mounting, or a Combination Junction (M2-2) sign (see Section 2D.14) may
be used.
Section 2D.31 Advance Route Turn Assembly
Standard:
01 An Advance Route Turn assembly shall consist of a route sign, an Advance Turn Arrow or word
message auxiliary sign, and a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, if needed. It shall be installed in advance
of an intersection where a turn must be made to remain on the indicated route.
Option:
02 The Advance Route Turn assembly may be used to supplement the required Junction assembly in advance of
intersecting routes.
Guidance:
03 Where a multiple-lane highwaNY approaches an interchange or intersection with a numbered route, the
Advance Route Turn assembly should be used to pre-position turning vehicles in the correct la nes.from which to
make their turn.
Option:
04 Lane Designation auxiliary signs (see Section 2D.27) may be used in Advance Route Turn Assemblies in place
of the Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary signs where cnginecring.judgment indicates that specific lane information
associated with each route is needed and overhead signing is not practical and the designated lane is a mandatory
movement lane. An assembly with the Lane Designation auxiliary signs may supplement or substitute for an
assembly with Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary signs.
Guidance:
05 In low-speed areas, the Advance Rowe Turn assembly should be installed not less than 200 feet in advance
of the turn. In high-speed areas, the Advance Route Turn assembly should be installed not less than 300 feet in
advance of the turn. fit rural areas, the minintunt distance between an Advance Route Tian ass•emblY and either
a Destination sign or a Junction assembly should be 200 feer.
Standard:
06 An assembly that includes an Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary sign shall not be placed where there is an
intersection between it and the designated turn.
Guidance:
at `rtlliric~trt distance should be allntve~d between the usscnrbly and etm preceding intersection that could be
mistaken for the indicated turn.
Section 2D.32 Directional Assembly
Standard:
01 A Directional assembly shall consist of a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, if needed; a route sign;
and a Directional Arrow auxiliary sign. The various uses of Directional assemblies shall be as provided in
Items A through D:
December 2009 Sco. 2D.30 to 21).3'
Page 154
2009 Edition
A. Turn movements (indicated in advance by an Advance Route Turn assembly) shall be marked by
a Directional assembly with a route sign displaying the number of the turning route and a single-
headed arrow pointing in the direction of the turn.
B. The beginning of a route (indicated in advance by a junction assembly) shall be marked by a
Directional assembly with a route sign displaying the number of that route and a single-headed
arrow pointing in the direction of the route.
C. An intersected route (indicated in advance by a Junction assembly) on a crossroad where the route
is designated on both legs shall be designated by:
1. Two Directional assemblies, each with a route sign displaying the number of the intersected
route, a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, and a single-headed arrow pointing in the direction
of movement on that route; or
2. A Directional assembly with a route sign displaying the number of the intersected route and a
double-headed arrow, pointing at appropriate angles to the left, right, or ahead.
D. An intersected route (indicated in advance by a Junction assembly) on a side road or on a crossroad
where the route is designated only on one of the legs shall be designated by a Directional assembly
with a route sign displaying the number of the intersected route, a Cardinal Direction auxiliary
sign, and a single-headed arrow pointing in the direction of movement on that route.
Guidance:
02 Straight-through movements should be indicated by a Directional assenrbh• with a route sign displaying
the number of the continuing route and a vertical arrow. A Directional assembly should not be used for a
straight-through movement in the absence of other assemblies indicating right or left turns, as the Confirming
assembly sign beyond the intersection normally provides adequate guidance.
03 Directional assemblies should be located on the near right corner of the intersection. At major intersections
and at Y or offset intersections, additional Directional assemblies should be installed on the far right or left
corner to confirm the near-side assemblies. When the near-corner position is not practical for hirectional
assemblies, the far right corner should be the preferred alternative, with oversized signs, if necessary, for
legibility. Where unusual conditions exist. the location of a Directional assembly should be determined by
engineering judgment with the goal being to provide the best possible combination of view and setfcty.
Support:
04 It is more important that guide signs be readable, and that the information and direction displayed thereon be
readily understood, at the appropriate time and place than to be located with absolute uniformity.
05 Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of Directional assemblies.
Section 2D.33 Combination Lane-Use/Destination Overhead Guide Sign M15-1)
Option:
01 At complex intersection approaches involving multiple turn lanes and destinations, a Combination Lane-Use/
Destination (D15-1) overhead guide sign that combines a lane-use regulatory sign with destination information
such as a cardinal direction, a route number, a street name, and/or a place name may be used.
Support:
02 At such locations, the combined information on the D15-1 signs can be even more effective than separate
lane-use and guide signs for conveying to unfam iliar drivers which lane or lanes to use for a particular destination.
03 Figure 2D-7 shows an example of a D15-1 sign that combines lane-use and route number information and an
example of a D15-1 sign that combines lane-use and street name information.
Standard:
04 The Combination Lane-Use/Destination (D15-1) overhead guide sign shall be used only where
the designated lane is a mandatory movement lane. The D15-1 sign shall not be used for lanes with
optional movements.
05 The D15-1 sign shall have a green background with a white border. As shown in Figure 2D-7, the
lane-use sign (see Chapter 2B) shall be placed near the bottom of the sign and the destination information
shall be placed near the top of the sign. The D15-1 sign shall be located approximately over the center of
the lane to which it applies.
Sco. 2D.32 to 2D.33 Demilher 2001)
2009 Edition
Figure 2D-7. Destination and Distance Signs
D1-1 D1-2 D1-3
Dl-la D1-2a D1-3a
D2-1 D2-2 D2-3
Section 2D.34 Confirming or Reassurance Assemblies
Standard:
Page 155
OR
D15-1
01 If used, Confirming or Reassurance assemblies shall consist of a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign and
a route sign. Where the Confirming or Reassurance assembly is for an alternative route, the appropriate
auxiliary sign for an alternative route (see Section 2D.16) shall also be included in the assembly.
Guidance:
02 A Confirming assembly should be insialled_jusi beyond intersections of numbered routes. It should be placed
25 to 200 feet beyond the far shoulder or curb line of the intersected highway.
03 If used, Reassurance assemblies should be installed between intersections in urban areas as needed, and
beyond the built-up area of an incorporated city or town.
oa Route signs for either r nitfirming or reassurance purposes should be spared at such intervals as nec•essarv to
keep road users informed of their routes.
Section 2D.35 Trailblazer Assembly
Support:
of Trailblazer assemblies provide directional guidance to a particular road facility from other highways in the
vicinity. This guidance is accomplished by installing Trailblazer assemblies at strategic locations to indicate the
direction to the nearest or most convenient point of access. The use of the word TO indicates that the road or
street where the sign is posted is not a part of the indicated route, and that a road user is merely being directed
progressively to the route.
Standard:
02 A Trailblazer assembly shall consist of a TO auxiliary sign, a route sign for a numbered or named
highway (see Section 2D.53) or an Auto Tour Route sign (see Section 2H.07), and a single-headed
Directional Arrow auxiliary sign pointing in the direction leading to the route. Where the Trailblazer
assembly is for an alternative route, the appropriate auxiliary sign for an alternative route
(see Section 2D.16) shall also be included in the assembly.
December 2009 Seci.'_D.3d l0 2D.35
Page 156 2009 Edition
Option:
03 A Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign may be used with a Trailblazer assembly.
Guidance:
04 The TO a« xiliai.y sign. Cardinal Direction auriliur•_v sign, and Directional Arrow auxiliar' sign should be of
the standard size provided for an_riliar_v.sign.s of their respective type. The route sign should be the size provided
in Section 2D. H.
Option:
05 Trailblazer assemblies may be installed with other Route Sign assemblies, or alone, in the immediate vicinity
of the designated facilities.
Section 2D.36 Destination and Distance Signs
Support:
of in addition to guidance by route numbers, it is desirable to supply the road user information concerning the
destinations that can be reached by way of numbered or unnumbered routes. This is done by means of Destination
signs and Distance signs.
Option:
02 Route shields and cardinal directions may be included on the Destination sign with the destinations and
arrows.
Guidance:
03 If Route shields and cardinal directions are included on a Destination sign, the height of the route shields
should be at least two times the height of the upper-ease letters of the principal legend and not less thati 18
Inches, and the cardinal directions should be in all ripper-ease letters that are at least the lninrmum height
specified for Neese signs.
Section 2D.37 Destination Signs (DI Series)
Standard:
of Except on approaches to interchanges (see Section 2D.45), the Destination (D1-1 through D1-3) sign
(see Figure 2D-7), if used, shall be a horizontal rectangle displaying the name of a city, town, village, or
other traffic generator, and a directional arrow.
Option:
02 The distance (see Section 2D.41) to the place named may also be displayed on the Destination (DI-la through
DI-3a) sign (see Figure 213-7). If several destinations are to be displayed at a single point, the several names may
be placed on a single sign with an arrow (and the distance, if desired) for each name. If more than one destination
lies in the same direction, a single arrow may be used for such a group of destinations.
Guidance:
03 Adequate separation should be made between anv destinations or group of destinations in one direction and
those in other directions by suitable design elf the arrow, spacing of lines cf legend, heavy lines entirely across the
sign, or separate signs.
Support:
04 Separation of destinations by direction by the use of a horizontal separator line can enhance the readability
of a Destination sign by relating an arrow and its corresponding destination(s) and by eliminating the need for
multiple arrows that point in the same direction and excessive space between lines of legend.
Standard:
05 Except as otherwise provided in this Manual, an arrow pointing to the right shall be at the extreme
right of the sign, and an arrow pointing left or up shall be at the extreme left. The distance numerals, if
used, shall be placed to the right of the destination names.
Option:
06 An arrow pointing up may be placed at the extreme right of the sign when the sign is mounted to the left of the
traffic to which it applies.
Guidance:
07 Unless a sloping arrow will c•otnvev a clearer indication of the direction to be followed, the directional arrows
should be horizontal or vertical.
08 ff several individual name signs are assembled into a group, all signs in the assembly should be of the same
horizontal width.
Sect. 2D.35 to 2D.37 Decemtxr 2009
2009 Edition
Page 157
09 Destination signs should be used:
A. At the intersections of U.S. or State numbered routes with Interstate, U.S., or State numbered routes; and
B. At points where they serve to direct traffic front U.S. or State numbered routes to the business section of
towns, or to other destinations reached by unnumbered routes.
Standard:
10 Where a total of three or less destinations are provided on the Advance Guide (see Section 2E.33) and
Supplemental Guide (see Section 2E.35) signs, no more than three destination names shall be used on a
Destination sign. Where four destinations are provided by the Advance Guide and Supplemental Guide
signs, no more than four destination names shall be used on a Destination sign.
Guidance:
11 If space permits, four destinations should be displayed cis two separate signs at two separate locations.
Option:
12 Where space does not permit, or where all four destinations are in one direction, a single sign may be used.
Where a single sign is used and all destinations are in the same direction, the arrow may be placed below the
destinations for the purpose of enhancing the conspicuity of the arrow.
Standard:
13 Where a single four-name sign assembly is used, a heavy line entirely across the sign or separate signs
shall be used to separate destinations by direction.
Guidance:
14 The closest destination lying straight ahead should be at the top of the sign or assembly, and below it the
closest destinations to the left and to the right, in that order. The destination displayed for each direction should
ordinarily be the next county seat or the next principal city. rather than a more distant destination. In the case of
overlapping routes, only one destination should be displayed in each direction for each route.
Standard:
15 If more than one destination is displayed in the same direction, the name of a nearer destination shall
be displayed above the name of a destination that is further away.
Section 2D.38 Destination Signs at Circular Intersections
Standard:
01 Destination signs that are used at circular intersections shall comply with the provisions of
Section 213.37, except as provided in this Section.
Option:
02 Exit destination (DI-]d, D1-le) signs (see Figure 2D-8) with diagonal upward-pointing arrows or Directional
assemblies (see Section 2D.32) may be used to designate a particular exit from a circular intersection.
03 Exit destination (D1-2d, DI-3d) signs (see Figure 213-8) with curved-stem arrows may be used on approaches
to circular intersections to represent the left-turn movements.
04 Curved-stem arrows on circular intersection destination signs may point in diagonal directions to depict the
location of an exit relative to the approach roadway and entry into the intersection.
05 Exit destination (D1-5 or D1-5a) signs (see Figure 2D-8) with a diagram of the circular intersection may be
used on approaches to circular intersections.
Guidance:
06 If curved-stem arrows are used on destination signs, then this arrow type should also be used consistently
on any regulatory lane-use signs (see Chapter 2B), Directional assemblies (see Section 2D.32), and pavement
markings (see Part 3) for a particular destination or niove►ncnt.
Support:
07 Figure 2D-9 illustrates two examples of guide signing for circular intersections.
08 Diagrammatic guide signs might be preferable where space is available and where the geometry of the
circular intersection is non-typical, such as where more than four legs are present or where the legs are not at
approximately 90-degree angles to each other.
Standard:
09 If used, diagrammatic guide signs for circular intersections shall not depict the number of lanes within
the intersection circulatory roadway, or on its approaches or exits, through the use of lane lines, multiple
arrow shafts for the same movement, or other methods.
Mcemher 2009 Sect. 213.37 to 213.38
Page 158
Figure 2D-8. Destination Signs for Roundabouts
2009 Edition
D1-1d Dl-le D1-2d D1-3d
D1-5
D1-5a
Support:
10 Chapter 2B contains information regarding regulatory signs at circular intersections, Chapter 2C contains
information regarding warning signs at circular intersections, and Chapter 3C contains information regarding
pavement markings at circular intersections.
Section 2D.39 Destination Signs at.iuphandles
Standard:
D1 Destination signs that are used at jughandles shall comply with the provisions of Section 2D.37, except
as provided in this Section.
Option:
02 If engineering judgment indicates that standard destination signs alone are insufficient to direct road users to
their destinations at a jughandle, a diagrammatic guide sign depicting the appropriate geometry may be used to
supplement the normal destination signs.
Support:
03 Section 213.27 contains information regarding regulatory signs for jughandle turns. Figure 213-9 shows
examples of regulatory and destination guide signing for various types of jughandle turns.
Section 2D.40 Location of Destination Signs
Guidance:
of When used in high-speed areas, Destination signs should be located 200 feet or moue in advance of the
intersection, and_following any Junction or Advance Route Turn assemblies that might be required. In rural
areas, the minimum distance between a Destination sign and either an Advance Route Turn assembly or a
Junction assembly should be 200 feet.
Option:
02 in urban areas, shorter advance distances may be used.
03 Because the Destination sign is of lesser importance than the Junction, Advance Route Turn, or Directional
assemblies, the Destination sign may be eliminated when sign spacing is critical.
Support:
04 Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of Destination signs.
Sect. 213.38 to 213.40 December 2(H)9
2009 Edition
Figure 2D-9. Examples of Guide Signs for Roundabouts (Sheet 1 of 2)
STATE ROUTE 37
ftt
Note: The spacings shown on this
figure are for rural intersections.
See Sections 2D.29, 2D.30,
2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 213.42
for low-speed and/or urban
conditions.
Note: Signs shown for only one
direction. See Chapter 2B
for regulatory signs and
Chapter 2C for warning
signs at roundabouts.
See Chapter 3C for
details on markings.
STATE ROUTES
12837
25 to 260 ft
200 ft
OR
Page 159
DCCCOIhCT 2009 Sect, 2D.40
Pagc 160
Figure 2D-9. Examples of Guide Signs for Roundabouts (Sheet 2 of 2)
200 ft
MIN.
NORTH
37
300 fl t
25 to
200 ft
2009 Edition
Note: The spacings shown on this
figure are for rural intersections. 200 ft
See Sections 2D.29, 2D.30, MIN.
2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 2D.42
for low-speed and/or urban
conditions.
Note: Signs shown for only one
direction. See Chapter 2B
for regulatory signs and
Chapter 2C for warning
signs at roundabouts. See
Chapter 3C for details on
markings.
128
Sect. 2D.40
December 2009
200 tt L'JJ U
MIN. OR
I JCT Q
2009 Edition
Page 161
Section 213.41 Distance Signs (D2 Series)
Standard:
01 If used, the Distance (D24 through D2-3) sign (see Figure 213-7) shall be a horizontal rectangle of a size
appropriate for the required legend, carrying the names of no more than three cities, towns, junctions, or
other traffic generators, and the distance (to the nearest mile) to those places.
02 The distance numerals shall be placed to the right of the destination names as shown in Figure 2D-7.
Guidance:
03 The distance displayed should be selected on a case-by-ease basis by the jurisdiction that owns the road or by
statewide policy. A well-defined central area or central business district should be used where one exists. In other
cases, the layout of the community should be considered in relation to the highway being signed and the decision
based on where it appears that most drivers would feel that they are in the center of the community in question.
04 The top name on the Distance sign should be that of the next place on the route having ct post office or
a railroad station, a route number or ncntre of an intersected highway, or any other significant geographical
identity. The bottoms name on the sign should be that of the next major destination or control city. If three
destinations are displayed, the middle line should be used to indicate communities of general interest along the
route or important route junctions.
Option:
05 The choice of names for the middle line may be varied on successive Distance signs to give road users
additional information concerning communities served by the route.
Guidance:
as The control city should remain the same on all successive Distance signs throughout the length of the route
until that city is reached.
Option:
07 If more than one distant point may properly be designated, such as where the route divides at some distance
ahead to serve two destinations of similar importance, and if these two destinations cannot appear on the same
sign, the two names may be alternated on successive signs.
08 On a route continuing into another State, destinations in the adjacent State may be displayed.
Section 2D.42 Location of Distance Signs
Guidance:
01 If used, Distance signs should be installed on important routes leaving municipalities and just beyond
intersections cif numbered routes in rural areas. If used, they should be placed just outside the municipal limits
or at the edge of the built-up area if it extends beyond the limits.
02 Where overlapping routes separate a short distance from the municipal limits, the Distance sign at the
municipal limits should be omitted. The Distance sign should be installed approximately 300.feet beyond the
separation of the two routes.
03 Where, just outside of an incorporated municipality, ttiti•o routes are concurrent and continue concurrently to
the next incorporated municipality, the top name on the Distance sign should be that of the place where the routes
separate; M bottom name should be that of the city to which the greater part of the through trciffre is destined.
Support:
04 Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of Distance signs.
Section 2D.43 Street Name Signs (D3-1 or D34a)
Guidance:
01 Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs (see Figure 2D-10) should be installed in urban areas at all street
intersections regardless of other route sighs that might be present and should be installed in rural areas to
identify important roads that are not otherwise .signed.
Option:
02 For streets that are part of a U.S., State, or county numbered route, a D3-la Street Name sign
(see Figure 2D-10) that incorporates a route shield may be used to assist road users who might not otherwise be
able to associate the name of the street with the route number.
Standard:
03 The lettering for names of streets and highways on Street Name signs shall be composed of a
combination of lower-case letters with initial upper-case letters (see Section 2A.13).
December 2009 Sect. 2D.41 to 2D l3
Page 162
Figure 2D-10. Street Name and Parking Signs
D3-1
OR
D3-1 a
OR
OR
2009 Edition
;on Blvd
SIGNAL PARKING
D3-2 D4-1 D4-2
Guidance:
04 Lettering on post-mounted Street Name signs should be composed of initial upper-case letters at least 6
inches in height and lower-case letters at least 4.5 inches in height.
05 On multi-lane streets vvith speed limits greater than 40 niph, the lettering on post-mounted Street Name signs
should be composed of initial upper-case letters at least 8 inches in height and lower-case letters at least 6 inches
in height.
Option:
06 For local roads with speed limits of 25 mph or less, the lettering on post-mounted Street Name signs may be
composed of initial upper-case letters at least 4 inches in height and lower-case letters at least 3 inches in height.
Guidance:
07 If overhead Street Name signs are used, the lettering should be composed of initial upper-case letters at least
12 inches in height and lower-case letters at least 9 inches in height.
Support:
08 The recommended minimum letter heights for Street Name signs are summarized in Table 2D-2.
Option:
09 Supplementary lettering to indicate the type of street (such as Street, Avenue, or Road) or the section of
the city (such as NW) on the D3-1 and D3-la signs may be in smaller lettering, composed of initial upper-case
letters at least 3 inches in height and lower-case letters at least 2.25 inches in height. Conventional abbreviations
(see Section 1A.15) may be used except for the street name itself.
10 A pictograph (see definition in Section 1A.13) may be used on a D3-1 sign.
Standard:
11 Pictographs shall not be displayed on D3-1a or Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs (see Section 2D.44).
12 If a pictograph is used on a D3-1 sign, the height and width of the pictograph shall not exceed the
upper-case letter height of the principal legend of the sign.
Guidance:
13 The pictograph should be positioned to the left of the street name.
Standard:
14 The Street Name sign shall be retroreflective or illuminated to show the same shape and similar color
both day and night. The color of the legend (and border, if used) shall contrast with the background color
of the sign.
Option:
The border may be omitted from a Street Name sign.
Seci. 2D.43
Dccembcr 2009
2009 Edition
Page 163
Table 2D-2. Recommended Minimum Letter Heights on Street Name Signs
Type of Mounting
Type of Street or Highway
Speed Limit
Recommended Minimum
Letter Height
Initial Upper-Case
Lower-Case
Overhead
All types
All speed limits
12 inches
9 inches
Post-mounted
Multi-lane
More than 40 mph
8 inches
6 inches
Post-mounted
Multi-lane
40 mph or less
6 inches
4.5 inches
Post-mounted
2-lane
All speed limits
6 inches'
4.5 inches'
On local two-lane streets with speed limits of 25 mph or less, 4-inch initial upper-case letters with 3-inch lower-case letters may be used.
16 An alternative background color other than the normal guide sign color of green may be used for Street Name
(D3-1 or D3-1a) signs where the highway agency determines this is necessary to assist road users in determining
jurisdictional authority for roads.
Standard:
17 Alternative background colors shall not be used for Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs
(see Section 2D.44).
18 The only acceptable alternative background colors for Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs shall be blue,
brown, or white. Regardless of whether green, blue, or brown is used as the background color for Street
Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs, the legend (and border, if used) shall be white. For Street Name signs that use
a white background, the legend (and border, if used) shall be black.
Guidance:
19 An alternative background color for Street Name signs, if used, should be applied to the Street Nance
(D3-1 or D3-1a) signs on all roadways under the jurisdiction of a particular highway agency.
20 In business or commercial areas and on principal arterials, Street Name: signs should be placed at least
oil diagonally opposite corners. In residential areas, at least one Street Name sign should be mounted at each
intersection. Signs naming both streets should be installed at each intersection. The), should be mounted with
their faces parallel to the streets thev nante.
Option:
21 To optimize visibility, Street Name signs may be mounted overhead. Street Name signs may also be placed
above a regulatory or STOP or YIELD sign with no required vertical separation.
Guidance:
22 In urban or suburban areas, especially where Advance Street Name sighs for signalized and other major
intersections are not used, the use of overhead Street Name signs should he strongly considered.
Option:
23 At intersection crossroads where the same road has two different street names for each direction of travel, both
street names may be displayed on the same sign along with directional arrows.
Support:
24 Information regarding the use of street names on supplemental plaques for use with intersection-related
warning signs is contained in Section 2C.58.
Section 2D.44 Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2)
Support:
01 Advance Street Name (.D3-2) signs (see Figure 2D-10) identify an upcoming intersection. Although this
is often the next intersection, it could also be several intersections away in cases where the next signalized
intersection is referenced.
Standard:
02 Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs, if used, shall supplement rather than be used instead of the Street
Name (133-1) signs at the intersection.
Option:
03 Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs may be installed in advance of signalized or unsignalized intersections to
provide road users with advance information to identify the name(s) of the next intersecting street to prepare for
crossing, traffic and to facilitate timely deceleration and/or lane changing in preparation for a tarn.
December 2009 Sect. 213.43 to 213.44
Page 164 2009 Edition
Guidance:
04 On arterial highways in rural areas, Advance Street Nance signs should be used in advance of all signalized
intersections and in advance of all intersections with exclusive turn lanes.
05 In urban areas, Advance Street Nanre signs should be used in advance of all signalized intersections oil Ilia'
arterial streets, except where signalized intersections are so c•loseht spaced that advance placement of the signs is
impractical.
06 The heights of the letters oil Advance Street Name signs should be the scone as those used for Street Nanne
signs (see Section 2D.43).
Standard:
07 If used, Advance Street Name signs shall have a white legend and border on a green background.
08 If used, Advance Street Name signs shall provide the name(s) of the intersecting street(s) on the top
line(s) of the legend and the distance to the intersecting streets or messages such as NEXT SIGNAL,
NEXT INTERSECTION, NEXT ROUNDABOUT, or directional arrow(s) on the bottom line of the legend.
09 Pictographs shall not be displayed on Advance Street Name signs.
Option:
10 Directional arrow(s) may be placed to the right or left of the street name or message such as NEXT SIGNAL,
as appropriate, rather than on the bottom line of the legend. Curved-stem arrows may be used on Advance Street
Name signs on approaches to circular intersections.
For intersecting crossroads where the same road has a different street name for each direction of travel, the
different street names may be displayed on the same Advance Street Name sign along with directional arrows.
12 In advance of two closely-spaced intersections where it is not practical to install separate Advance Street
Name signs, the Advance Street Name sign may include the street names for both intersections along with
appropriate supplemental legends for both street names, such as NEXT INTERSECTION, 2ND INTERSECTION,
or NEXT LEFT and NEXT RIGHT, or directional arrows.
Guidance:
13 If two street names are used on the Advance Street Nance sign, the street names should be displayed in the
,following order:
A. For a single intersection where the same road has a different street name for each direction of travel, the
name of the street to the left should be displayed above the nante of the street to the right; or
B. For two closely-spaced intersections. the name of the first street encountered should be displayed above
the name of the second street encountered, and the arrow associated with the second street encountered
should be an advance arrow, such as the arrow shown oil the W16-6P arrow plaque (see Figure 2C-12).
Option:
14 An Advance Street Narne (W16-8P or W 16-8aP) plaque (see Section 2C.58) with black legend on a yellow
background, installed supplemental to an Intersection (W2 series) or Advance Traffic Control (W3 series) warning
sign may be used instead of an Advance Street Name guide sign.
Section 2D.45 Signing on Conventional Roads on Approaches to Interchanges
Support:
or Because there arc it number of different ramp conligurations that arc commonly used at interchanges with
conventional roads, drivers on the conventional road cannot reliably predict whether they will be required to turn
left or right in order to enter the correct ramp to access the freeway or expressway in the desired direction of
travel. Consistently applied signing for conventional road approaches to freeway or expressway interchanges is
highly desirable.
Standard:
02 On multi-lane conventional roads approaching an interchange, guide signs shall be provided to identify
which direction of turn is to be made and/or which specific lane to use for ramp access to each direction of
the freeway or expressway.
Guidance:
03 The signing of conventional roads with one lane of traffic approaching an interchange should consist of a
sequence containing the following signs (see Figure 2D-11):
A. Junction Assembly
B. Destination sign
C. Directional Assembly or Entrance Direction sign, for the first ramp
D. Advance Route Turn Assentbly or Advance Entrance Direction sign with all advance turn arrow
E. Directional Assembly or Entrance Direction .sign for the second ramp
Sect. 2D.44 to 213.45 December 2009
2009 Edition
Page 165
Figure 213-11. Example of Interchange Crossroad Signing for a One-Lane Approach
1-57
OR
NORTH so
OR
OR
Dccemhcr 2009 Sort. 2D.45
Page 166
2009 Edition
Standard:
04 If used, the Entrance Direction sign shall consist of a white legend and border on a green background.
It shall contain the freeway or expressway route shield(s), cardinal direction, and directional arrow(s).
Option:
os The Entrance Direction sign may contain a destination(s) and/or an action message such as NEXT RIGHT.
os At minor interchanges, the following sequence of signs may be used (see Figure 2D-12):
A. Junction Assembly
13. Directional Assembly for the first ramp
C. Directional Assembly for the second ramp
Guidance:
07 On multi-land conventional roads approaching an interchange, the sign sequence should contain the
following signs (see F'igures 2D-13 through 2D-15):
A. Junction Assembly
B. Advance Entrance Direction sign(s) for both directions (if applicable) of travel on the freeway
or express waY
C. Entrance 0irectron sign for first ramp
D. Advance Turn Assembly
E. Entrance Direction sign for the second ramp
Support:
oa Advance Entrance Direction signs are used to direct road users to the appropriate lane(s).
Standard:
os The Advance Entrance Direction sign shall consist of a white legend and border on a green background.
It shall contain the freeway or expressway route shield(s) and cardinal direction(s).
Option:
io The Advance Entrance Direction sign may have destinations, directional arrows, and/or an action message
such as KEEP LEFT, NEXT LEFT, or SECOND RIGHT. Signs in this sequence may be mounted overhead to
improve visibility as shown in Figures 213-13 through 213-15.
Support:
11 A post-mounted Advance Entrance Direction diagrammatic guide sign (see Figure 213-16), within the
sequence of approach guide signing described in Paragraphs 3, 6, and 7, might be helpful in depicting the location
of a freeway or expressway entrance ramp that is in close proximity to an intervening intersection on the same side
of the approach roadway and where signing for only the ramp might cause confusion to road users.
Figure 213-12. Example of Minor Interchange Crossroad Signing
1-25
'SDI
*Optional supplemental location /j•.~
Seca. 21).45 December 2001)
2009 Edition
Figure 213-13. Examples of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing
for a Diamond Interchange
V,l
1-18
OVERHEAD
OR WEST
Morganville
NEXT LEFT
OVERHEAD
WEST 7 mm EAST
t Morganville OR
T M--~ EAST Eatontown
Eatontown
WEST
Morganville r
KEEP LEFT WEST EAST
OR
KEEP KEEP
("o-ki EAST LEFT MGM
11-8) '1
Eatontown
E
OR
Page 167
December 20119 Secr. 2D.45
Page 168
Figure 21)-14. Examples of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing
for a Partial Cloverleaf Interchange
D13-3
OR
FREEWAY
FREEWAY OR OR
ENTRANCE
D13-3
D13-3a
73, NORTH
Middletown
OR
OVERHEAD
2009 Edition
1-13
Scci. 21).45 Dccemba 2009
'1009 Edition
Figure 2D-15. Examples of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing
for a Cloverleaf Interchange
Locate on or in front of bridge
if freeway goes over crossroad
Page 169
December 2009 Sec[. 2D.45
Page 170
2009 Edition
Figure 213-16. Example of Crossroad Signing for an Entrance Ramp
with a Nearby Frontage Road
WOR
T
* Location for directional
assembly or alternate
location for guide sign
depending on distance
between ramp and frontage
road intersections
FRONTAGE ROAD
1-10
See Figures 213-11 through
2D-15 for additional signing
on crossroad approaches
Standard:
12 If used, the post-mounted Advance Entrance Direction diagrammatic guide sign shall display only
the two successive turns from the same side of the roadway, one of which shall be the entrance ramp.
The post-mounted Advance Entrance Direction sign shall depict only the successive turns and shall not
depict lane use with lane lines, multiple arrow shafts for the approach roadway, action messages, or other
representations.
Support:
13 Section 2D.46 contains information regarding the use of a Directional assembly or a FREEWAY ENTRANCE
sign to mark the entrance to a freeway or expressway at the far corner of an intersection.
Section 2D.46 Freeway Entrance Signs (D13-3 and D13-3a)
Option:
01 FREEWAY ENTRANCE (D13-3) signs or FREEWAY ENTRANCE with downward pointing diagonal arrow
(D13-3a) signs (see Figure 2D-14) may be used on entrance ramps near the crossroad to inform road users of the
freeway or expressway entrance, as appropriate.
Sect, 2DA5 Iii 2h.46 MCClllhcr 211110
2009 Edition Page 171
02 The D13-3 and D13-3a signs may display an alternate legend in place of FREEWAY, such as EXPRESSWAY
or PARKWAY. as appropriate, or may display the name of an unnumbered highway.
03 A Directional assembly (see Section 2D.32) with a downward pointing diagonal arrow auxiliary (M6-2a)
sign (see Section 2D.28) may be used at the far left-hand corner of an intersection with a freeway or expressway
entrance ramp as an alternative to the D13-3a sign, facing left-turnino traffic on the conventional road approach
to indicate the immediate point of entry to the freeway or expressway and distinguish the entrance ramp from an
adjoining exit ramp terminal at the same intersection with the conventional road (see Figure 2D-14). A similar
Directional assembly may be used at the far right-hand corner of an intersection with a freeway or expressway
entrance ramp where the entrance ramp and a crossroad or side road follow one another in close succession on the
conventional road approach and the point of entry to the freeway or expressway might be difficult for the road user
to distinguish from the crossroad or side road on the conventional road approach (see Figure 213-14).
Support:
04 Section 213.41 contains information regarding the use of regulatory signs to deter wrong-way movements
at intersections of freeway or expressway ramps with conventional roads, and in the area where entrance ramps
intersect with the mainline lanes.
Section 2D.47 Parking Area Guide Sign (114-1)
Option:
01 The Parking Area (D4-1) guide sign (see Figure 213-10) may be used to show the direction to a nearby public
parking area or parking facility.
Standard:
02 If used, the Parking Area (D4-1) guide sign shall be a horizontal rectangle with a standard size of
30 x 24 inches, or with a smaller size of 18 x 15 inches for minor, low-speed streets. It shall carry the
word PARKING, with the letter P five times the height of the remaining letters, and a directional arrow.
The legend and border shall be green on a retroreflectorized white background.
Guidance:
03 If used, the Parking Area guide sign should be installed on major thoroughfares at the nearest point of access
to the parking facility and where it can advise drivers of a place to park. The sign should not be used more than
four blocks from the parking area.
Section 2D.48 PARK - RIDE Sign (D4-2)
Option:
of PARK - RIDE (134-2) signs (see Figure 2D-10) may be used to direct road users to park - ride facilities.
Standard:
02 The signs shall contain the word message PARK - RIDE and direction information (arrow or
word message).
Option:
03 PARK - RIDE signs may contain the local transit pictograph and/or carpool symbol on the sign.
Standard:
04 If used, the local transit pictograph and/or carpool symbol shall be located in the top part of the sign
above the message PARK - RIME. In no case shall the vertical dimension of the local transit pictograph
and/or carpool symbol exceed 18 inches.
Guidance:
os If the function of the parking facility is to provide parking for persons using public- transportation, the local
transit pictograph should be used on the guide sign. If the function of the parking fac•ilily is to serve carpool
riders, the carpool symbol should be used on the guide sign. If the parking facility serves both functions, both the
pictograph and carpool symbol should he used.
Standard:
06 These signs shall have a retroreflective white legend and border on a rectangular green background.
The carpool symbol shall be as shown for the D4-2 sign. The color of the local transit pictograph shall be
selected by the local transit authority.
Option:
07 To increase the target value and contrast of the local transit pictograph, and to allow the local transit
pictograph to retain its distinctive color and shape, the pictograph may be included within a white border or placed
on a white background.
December 2009 Scct. 2D.46 to 2D.48
Page 172
2009 Edition
Section 2D.49 Weigh Station Signing (D8 Series)
Support:
01 The general concept for Weigh Station signing is similar to Rest Area signing (see Section 21.05) because in
both cases traffic using either area remains within the right-of-way.
Standard:
02 The standard installation for Weigh Station signing shall include three basic signs:
A. Advance sign (D8-1),
B. Exit Direction sign (D8-2), and
C. Exit Gore sign (D8-3).
Support:
03 Example locations of these signs are shown in Figure 213-17.
Option:
04 Where State law requires a regulatory sign (R13-1) in advance of the Weigh Station, a fourth sign
(see Section 213.60) may be located following the Advance sign.
Guidance:
05 The Exit Direction sign (D8-2) or the Advance sign (D8-1) should display, either within the sign border or on
a supplententa( plaque or sign panel, the changeable message OPEN or CLOSED.
Section 2D.50 Community Wayfinding SiM
Support:
01 Community wayfinding guide signs are part of a coordinated and continuous system of signs that direct
tourists and other road users to key civic, cultural, visitor, and recreational attractions and other destinations within
a city or a local urbanized or downtown area.
02 Community wayfinding guide signs are a type of destination guide sign for conventional roads with a common
color and!or identification enhancement marker for destinations within an overall wayfinding guide sign plan for
an area.
03 Figures 2D-18 through 2D-20 illustrate various examples of the design and application of community
waylnding guide signs.
Standard:
04 The use of community wayfinding guide signs shall be limited to conventional roads. Community
wayfinding guide signs shall not be installed on freeway or expressway mainlines or ramps. Direction
to community wayfinding destinations from a freeway or expressway shall be limited to the use of a
Supplemental Guide sign (see Section 2E.35) on the mainline and a Destination sign (see Section 2D.37) on
the ramp to direct road users to the area or areas within which community wayfinding guide signs are used.
The individual wayfinding destinations shall not be displayed on the Supplemental Guide and Destination
signs except where the destinations are in accordance with the State or agency policy on Supplemental
Guide signs.
05 Community wayfinding guide signs shall not be used to provide direction to primary destinations or
highway routes or streets. Destination or other guide signs shall be used for this purpose as described
elsewhere in this Chapter and shall have priority over any community wayfinding sign in placement,
prominence, and conspicuity.
06 Because regulatory, warning, and other guide signs have a higher priority, community wayfinding guide
signs shall not be installed where adequate spacing cannot be provided between the community wayfinding
guide sign and other higher priority signs. Community wayfinding guide signs shall not be installed in a
position where they would obscure the road users' view of other traffic control devices.
07 Community wayfinding guide signs shall not be mounted overhead.
Guidance:
08 If used, a cornntunity wayfinding guide: sign svslem should he established on a local municipal or equivalent
jurisdictional level or, for an urbanized area of adjoining municipalities or equivalent that form an identfable
geographic entity that is conducive to a cohesive and continuous system of sans. Contnucnitti, wayfinding
guide signs should not he used on a regional or statewide basis where infrequent or sparse placement does not
contribute to a continuous or coordinated .svVeni of signing that is readilY identifiable as such to the road user.
In such cases, Destination or other guide signs detailed in this Chapter should be used to direct road users to an
identifiable area in which the type of eligible destination described in Paragraph I is located.
Sect. 21).49 to 2D.50 December 2009
2009 Edition
Page 173
Figure 2D-17. Example of Weigh Station Signing
Legend
--b- Direction of travel
7k The D8-1 or the D8-2
sign should display,
either within the sign
border or on a supple-
mental sign panel, the
changeable message
OPEN or CLOSED
TRUCKS
OVER 10 TONS
MUST ENTER
Black-on-white
or
white-on-black
(use only if
required by law)
Support:
os The specific provisions of this Section regarding the design of community wayfinding sign legends apply
to vehicular community wayfinding signs and do not apply to those signs that are intended only to provide
information or direction to pedestrians or other users of a sidewalk or roadside area.
Decemhcr 2009 Sect. 2D.50
Page 174
Figure 21)-18. Examples of Community Wayfinding Guide Signs
A - Community Wayfinding Guide Signs with Enhancement Markers
B - Destination Guide Signs for Color-Coded Community Wayfinding System
2009 Edition
Guidance:
10 Because pedestrian wayf nding signs typically use smaller legends that are inadequately sized for viewing by
vehicular traffic and because they can provide direction to pedestrians that might conflict with that appropriate
for vehicular traffic. wayfinding signs designed for and intended to provide direction to pedestrians or other
users of a sidewalk or other roadside area should be located to minimi;,e their conspicuity to vehicular traffic.
Stich signs should be located as far as practical from the street, such as at the,far edge of the sidewalk-. Where
locating such signs farther from the roadway is not practical, the pedestrian wmfnding signs should have their
conspicuity to vehicular traffic minintized by employing one or a combination of the following methods:
A. Locating signs away front intersections where high-priority traffic control devices are present.
B. Facing the pedestrian message toward the sidewalk and away front the street.
C. Ccuntileverin,t the sign over the sidewalk if the pedestrian way finding sign is mounted tit it height
consistent with vehicular traffic signs, removing the pedestrian wayfinding signs front the line (?f sight in
a sequence of vehicular signs.
ii To further minimize their conspic•uity to vehicular traffic during nighttime conditions, pedestrian way tnding
signs should not he rctroreflective.
Support:
12 Color coding is sometimes used on community waylinding guide signs to help road users distinguish between
multiple potentially confusing traffic generator destinations located in different neighborhoods or subareas within
a community or area.
Option:
13 At the boundaries of the geographical area within which community wayfinding guide signing is used, an
informational guide sign (see Figures 2D-I8 and 21)-20) may be posted to inform road users about the presence of
wayfinding signing and to identify the meanings of the various color codes or pictographs that arc being used.
Standard:
14 These informational guide signs shall have a white legend and border on a green background and shall
have a design similar to that illustrated in Figures 21)-1 and 2D-18 and shall be consistent with the basic
design principles for guide signs. These informational guide signs shall not be installed on freeway or
expressway mainlines or ramps.
Sen. 21).50 December 2009
2009 Edition
Figure 2D-19. Example of a Community Wayfinding Guide Sign System
Showing Direction from a Freeway or Expressway
Page 175
15 The color coding or a pictograph of the identification enhancement markers of the community
wayfinding guide signing system shall be included on the informational guide sign posted at the boundary
of the community wayfinding guide signing area. The color coding or pictographs shall apply to a specific,
identifiable neighborhood or geographical subarea within the overall area covered by the community
wayfinding guide signing. Color coding or pictographs shall not be used to distinguish between different
types of destinations that are within the same designated neighborhood or subarea. The color coding
shall be accomplished by the use of different colored square or rectangular panels on the face of the
informational guide sign, each positioned to the left of the neighborhood or named geographic area to
which the color-coding panel applies. The height of the colored square or rectangular panels shall not
exceed two times the height of the upper-case letters of the principal legend on the sign.
Option:
16 The different colored square or rectangular panels may include either a black or a white (whichever provides
the better contrast with the color of the panel) letter. numeral, or other appropriate designation to identify
the destination.
December 2009 Sect. 213.50
SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDE SIGN
Page 176
2009 Edition
Figure 213-20. Example of a Color-Coded Community Wayfinding Guide Sign System
SOUTH HILL
GENERAL INFORMATION
SIGN (see Section 2H.05)
* Color coding panels are used only
when optional destination guide
sign is used at wayfinding boundary
17 L;,,xcept for the informational guide sign posted at the boundary of the waylinding guide sign area, community
wayfinding guide signs niay use background colors other than green in order to provide a color identification for
the wayfinding destinations by geographical area within the overall wayfinding guide signing system. Color-coded
community wayfinding guide signs nkay be used with or without the boundary informational guide sign displaying
corresponding color-coding panels described in Paragraphs 13 through 16. Except as provided in Paragraphs
18 and 19, in addition to the colors that are approved in this klamud for use on official traffic control signs
(see Section 2A.10), other background colors may also be used for the color coding of community wayfinding
guide signs.
Standard:
18 The standard colors of red, orange, yellow, purple, or the fluorescent versions thereof, fluorescent
yellow-green, and fluorescent pink shall not be used as background colors for community wayfinding guide
signs, in order to minimize possible confusion with critical, higher-priority regulatory and warning sign
color meanings readily understood by road users.
19 The minimum luminance ratio of legend to background for community wayfinding guide signs shall
be 3:1.
20 All messages, borders, legends, and backgrounds of community wayfinding guide signs and any
identification enhancement markers shall be retroreflective (see Sections 2A.07 and 2A.08).
Sect. 2D.50 December 2009
OPTIONAL DESTINATION
GUIDE SIGN AT WAYFINDING
BOUNDARY (see Section 2D.03)
2009 Edition Page 177
Guidance:
21 Contntunit. wati f nding guide signs, exclusive of am identification enhancement marker used, should
be rectangular in shape. Sintplicit' and uniformity in design, position, and application as described in
Section 2A.06 are important and should be incorporated into the contntunity waVinding guide sign design and
location plans f n- the area.
22 Community way rnding guide signs should be limited to three destinations per sign (see Section 2D.07).
23 Abbreviations (see Section 1A. 15) should be kept to a minintunt, and should include on1_ those: that are
commonly recognized and understood.
24 Horizontal lines of a color that contrasts with the sign background color should be used to separate groups of
destinations by direction front each other.
Support:
25 The Kisic requirement li)r all highway signs, including community way finding signs, is that they be legible
to those for whom they are intended and that they be understandable in time to permit a proper response.
Section 2A.06 contains additional information on the design of signs, including desirable attributes of effective
designs.
Guidance:
26 Word messages should be as brief as practical and the lettering should be large enough to provide the
necessary legibility distance.
Standard:
27 The minimum specific ratio of letter height to legibility distance shall comply with the provisions of
Section 2A.13. The size of lettering used for destination and directional legends on community wayfinding
signs shall comply with the provisions of minimum letter heights as provided in Section 2D.06.
28 Interline and edge spacing shall comply with the provisions of Section 2D.06.
29 Except as provided in Paragraph 31, the lettering style used for destination and directional legends on
community wayfinding guide signs shall comply with the provisions of Section 2D.05.
30 The lettering for destinations on community wayfinding guide signs shall be a combination of
lower-case letters with initial upper-case letters (see Section 2D.05). All other word messages on community
wayfinding guide signs shall be in all upper-case letters.
Option:
31 A lettering style other than the Standard Alphabets provided in the "Standard Highway Signs and Markings"
book may be used on community wayfinding guide signs if an engineering study determines that the legibility and
recognition values for the chosen lettering style meet or exceed the values for the Standard Alphabets for the same
legend height and stroke width.
Standard:
32 Except for signs that are intended to be viewed only by pedestrians, bicyclists stopped out of the flow
of traffic, or occupants of parked vehicles, Internet and e-mail addresses, including domain names and
uniform resource locators (URL), shall not be displayed on any community wayfinding guide sign or
sign assembly.
33 The arrow location and priority order of destinations shall follow the provisions described in Sections
2D.08 and 2D.37. Arrows shall be of the designs provided in Section 2D.08.
Option:
34 Pictographs (see definition in Section 1A.13) nuty be used on community wayfinding guide signs.
Standard:
35 If a pictograph is used, its height shall not exceed two times the height of the upper-case letters of the
principal legend on the sign.
36 Except for pictographs, symbols that are not approved in this Manual for use on guide signs shall not be
used on community wayfinding guide signs.
37 Business logos, commercial graphics, or other forms of advertising (see Section 1A.01) shall not be used
on community wayfinding guide signs or sign assemblies.
Option:
38 Other graphics that specifically identify the wa}'finding system, including identification enhancement markers,
may be used on the overall sign assembly and sign supports.
December 2009 Sect. 2D.50
Page 178
2009 Edition
Support:
39 An enhancement marker consists of a shape, color, andior pictograph that is used as it visual identifier for
the community wayfinding guide signing system for an area. Figure 2D-18 sliows examples of identification
enhancement marker designs that can be used with community wayfindinc* guide sions.
Option:
40 An identification enhancement marker may be used in a community wayfinding guide sign assembly, or may
be incorporated into the overall design of a community wayfinding guide sign, as a means of visually identifying
the sign as part of an overall system of community wayfinding signs and destinations.
Standard:
41 The sizes and shapes of identification enhancement markers shall be smaller than the community
wayfinding guide signs themselves. Identification enhancement markers shall not be designed to have an
appearance that could be mistaken by road users as being a traffic control device.
Guidance:
42 The area of the identification enhancenae nt marker should not exceed 115 of the area of the contnatnitY
waif nding guide sign ►vith which it is mounted in the same sign assembly.
Section 2D.51 Truck. Passing. or Climbing Lane Signs (D17-1 and D17-2)
Guidance:
01 I f an extra lane has been provided for trucks and other slo►v-moving traffic, a NI XT T RUCK LANEXX
MILES (DITI) sign and/or a TRUCK LANI XX MILES (D17-2) sign (see Figure 2D-21) should be installed in
advance of the lane.
Option:
02 Alternative legends such as PASSING LANE or CLIMBING LANE may be used instead of TRUCK LANE.
03 Section 2B.31 contains information regarding regulatory signs for these types of lanes.
Section 2D.52 Slow Vehicle Turn-Out Sign (D17-7)
Guidance:
01 If a slow vehicle turn-oat area has been provided for slow-moving traffic, a SLOW VEHICLE TURN-OUT
XX MILES (D17-7) sign (see Figure 2D-21) should be installed in advance of the turn-out area.
Option:
02 Section 213.35 contains information regarding regulatory signs for slow vehicle turn-out areas.
Figure 2D-21. Crossover, Truck Lane, and Slow Vehicle Signs
D13-1
D17-1 D17-2
D13-2
D17-7
* The words PASSING or CLIMBING may be substituted for the word TRUCK on the D17-1 and D17-2 signs.
Sect. 2D.50 to 2D.52 December 2009
2009 Edition
Page 179
Section 2D.53 Signing of Named Highways
Option:
of Guide signs may contain street or highway names if the purpose is to enhance driver communication and
guidance; however, they are to be considered as supplemental information to route numbers.
Standard:
02 Highway names shall not replace official numeral designations.
03 Memorial names (see Section 2M.10) shall not appear on supplemental signs or on any other
information sign on or along the highway or its intersecting routes.
04 The use of route signs shall be restricted to signs officially used for guidance of traffic in accordance with
this Manual and the "Purpose and Policy" statement of the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials that applies to interstate and U.S. numbered routes (see Page i for AASHTO's address}
Option:
os Unnumbered routes having nut Ior importanceto prol) r gui(iunce of trat'lic nia)-be signed if carried ( tin
accordance with the aforementioned policies. For unnumbered highways, a name to enhance route guidance may
be used where the name is applied consistently throughout its length.
Guidance:
06 Only one name should be used to identify anY highway, whether numbered or unnumbered.
Section 2D.54 Crossover Signs (D13-1 and D13-2)
Option:
01 Crossover signs may be installed on divided highways to identify median openings not otherwise identified by
warning or other guide signs.
Standard:
02 A CROSSOVER (D13-1) sign (see Figure 2D-21) shall not be used to identify a median opening that is
permitted to be used only by official or authorized vehicles. If used, the sign shall be a horizontal rectangle
of appropriate size to carry the word CROSSOVER and a horizontal directional arrow. The CROSSOVER
sign shall have a white legend and border on a green background.
Guidance:
03 If used. the CROSSOVER sign should be installed inane+diately beyond the median opening, either on the
right-hand side of the roadway or in the median.
Option:
04 The Advance Crossover (D13-2) sign (see Figure 213-21) may be installed in advance of the CROSSOVER sign
to provide advance notice of the crossover.
Standard:
05 If used, the Advance Crossover sign shall be a horizontal rectangle of appropriate size to carry the word
CROSSOVER and the distance to the median opening. The sign shall have white legend and border on a
green background.
Guidance:
06 The distance displave d on the Advance Crossover sign should be 1 MILE. 112 MILE:, or 114 MILE, unless
unusual conditions require some other distance. If used, the sign should be installed either on the right-hand side
of the roadway or in the n►edian at approriniately the distance displayed on the sign.
Section 2D.55 National Scenic Bytes Signs (D64, D64a)
Support:
of Certain roads have been designated by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation as National Scenic Byways or
All-American Roads based on their archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, or scenic qualities.
Option:
02 State and local highway agencies may install the National Scenic Byways (D6-4 or D64a) signs at entrance
points to a route that has been recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation as a National Scenic Byway or
an All-American Road. The D64 or D64a sign may be installed on route sign assemblies (see Figure 2D-22)
or as part of larger roadside structures. National Scenic Byways signs may also be installed at periodic intervals
along the designated route and at intersections where the designated route turns or follows a different numbered
highway. At locations where roadside features have been developed to enhance the traveler's experience such as
rest areas, historic sites, interpretive facilities, or scenic overlooks, the National Scenic Byways sign may be placed
on the associated sign assembly to inform travelers that the site contributes to the byway travel experience.
December 2009 Sect. 213.53 to 213.55
Page 180
Figure 2D-22. Examples of Use of the National Scenic Byways Sign
AMERICA'S
BYWAYS
D6-4
2009 Edition
NORTH NORTH $940-'j
AM"ICAS
59 59 BYWAYS
PIP
AMERICA'S
BYWAYS
AMERICA'S BYWAYS
D6-4a
Standard:
03 When a National Scenic Byways sign is installed on a National Scenic Byway or an All-American Road,
the design shown for the 1564 or D64a sign in Figure 2D-22 shall be used. Use of this design shall be
limited to routes that have been designated as a National Scenic Byway or All-American Road by the U.S.
Secretary of Transportation.
04 If used, the D64 or D6-4a sign shall be placed such that the roadway route signs have primary visibility
for the road user.
Sect. 2D.55 December 2(N)4)
.1
01
(D
bi
W
n
0
0
rri
m
M
v
OD to
Oa
0
n
0
X
0
Cl)
rn
C/)
,
N
W
r'7 ml
cm
a<
v'
N
N
<
rri
N
I
m
m
o cn NO
~ Q
rr1
CJ~ CO
5 l 1
co
5*
0
0
3
rr'l
b
v
Ll
N
X
mmu
co
ME&
N
n
r
n
0
O
Pri
PT7
v
O
C
o~
0
m
5 5*
I~
i
,
I
wo
d
-
I~
J
R
w
m
CP
a
~l~