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Appendix E - Garvey Earle Noise Report NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS GARVEY EARLE PLAZA CITY OF ROSEMEAD, CALIFORNIA Prepared by: Giroux & Associates 1800 E Garry St., #205 Santa Ana, CA 92705 Prepared for: Phil Martin & Associates Attn: Phil Martin 4860 Irvine Boulevard, Suite 203 Irvine, CA 92620 Date: May 30, 2017 Project No.: P17-014 N Garvey Earle Noise 1 NOISE SETTING Sound is mechanical energy transmitted by pressure waves in a compressible medium such as air. Noise is generally considered to be unwanted sound. Sound is characterized by various parameters that describe the rate of oscillation of sound waves, the distance between successive troughs or crests, the speed of propagation, and the pressure level or energy content of a given sound. In particular, the sound pressure level has become the most common descriptor used to characterize the loudness of an ambient sound level. The decibel (dB) scale is used to quantify sound pressure levels. Although decibels are most commonly associated with sound, "dB" is a generic descriptor that is equal to ten times the logarithmic ratio of any physical parameter versus some reference quantity. For sound, the reference level is the faintest sound detectable by a young person with good auditory acuity. Since the human ear is not equally sensitive to all sound frequencies within the entire auditory spectrum, human response is factored into sound descriptions by weighting sounds within the range of maximum human sensitivity more heavily in a process called “A-weighting,” written as dB(A). Any further reference in this discussion to decibels written as "dB" should be understood to be A-weighted. Time variations in noise exposure are typically expressed in terms of a steady-state energy level equal to the energy content of the time varying period (called LEQ), or alternately, as a statistical description of the sound pressure level that is exceeded over some fraction of a given observation period. Finally, because community receptors are more sensitive to unwanted noise intrusion during the evening and at night, state law requires that, for planning purposes, an artificial dB increment be added to quiet time noise levels in a 24-hour noise descriptor called the Ldn (day-night) or the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL). The CNEL metric has gradually replaced the Ldn factor, but the two descriptors are essentially identical. CNEL-based standards are generally applied to transportation-related sources because local jurisdictions are pre-empted from exercising direct noise control over vehicles on public streets, aircraft, trains, etc. The City of Rosemead therefore regulates the noise exposure of the receiving property through land use controls. For “stationary” noise sources, or noise sources emanating from private property the City does have legal authority to establish noise performance standards designed to not adversely impact adjoining uses. These standards are typically articulated in the jurisdictional Municipal Code. These standards recognize the varying noise sensitivity of both transmitting and receiving land uses. The property line noise performance standards are normally structured according to land use and time-of-day. NOISE COMPATIBILITY GUIDELINES The City of Rosemead considers noise compatibility standards in evaluating land use projects. A proposed land use must be shown to be compatible with the ambient noise environment, particularly for noise sources over which direct City control is preempted by other agencies. Such sources include vehicle traffic on public streets, aircraft or trains. Since the City cannot regulate the noise level from Garvey Earle Noise 2 the source, it exercises its land use decision authority to insure that noise/land use incompatibility is minimized. Figure 1 shows the noise/land use compatibility guideline for the City of Rosemead, as contained in the Noise Element of the General Plan. For residential use, 60 dB CNEL is considered . “normally acceptable” and 70 dB CNEL is considered “conditionally acceptable.” Conditionally acceptable requires that a noise analysis be performed to identify possible necessary mitigation measures. Commercial uses are less noise sensitive and noise levels up to 65 dB are considered normally acceptable and levels up to 75 dB are considered conditionally acceptable. An interior CNEL of 45 dB is mandated by the State of California Noise Insulation Standards (CCR, Title 24, Part 6, Section T25-28) for multiple family dwellings and hotel and motel rooms. In 1988, the State Building Standards Commission expanded that standard to include all habitable rooms in residential use, including single-family dwelling units. Since normal noise attenuation within residential structures with closed windows is 25-30 dB, an exterior noise exposure of 70-75 dB CNEL allows the interior standard to be met without any specialized structural attenuation (dual paned windows, etc.), but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning in order to maintain a comfortable living environment. NOISE STANDARDS For noise generated on one property affecting an adjacent use, the City of Rosemead limits the amount of noise crossing the boundary between the two uses. For regulated on-site sources of noise generation, the Rosemead noise ordinance prescribes limits that are considered an acceptable exposure for residential uses in proximity to regulated noise sources. The L50 metric used in the Rosemead noise ordinance is the level exceeded 50% of the measurement period of thirty minutes in an hour. One-half of all readings may exceed this average standard with larger excursions from the average allowed for progressively shorter periods. The larger the deviation, the shorter the allowed duration up to a never- to-exceed 20 dB increase above the 50th percentile standard. Nightime noise levels limits are reduced by 5 dB to reflect the increased sensitivity to noise occurring during that time period. The City L50 noise standard for residential uses is 60 dB during the day (7 a.m. – 10 p.m.), and 45 dB at night (10 p.m. – 7 a.m.). For commercial uses the L50 standard is 65 dB during the day (7 a.m. – 10 p.m.), and 60 dB at night (10 p.m. – 7 a.m.). These noise standards for residential and commercial uses are shown in Table 1. In the event that the ambient noise level exceeds any of the noise standards, the standards shall be increased to reflect the ambient noise level. The Ordinance also restricts hours of construction to hours of lesser noise sensitivity with heavy equipment to not operate from 8 p.m. to 7 a.m. during the week and on Saturdays, and to not exceed 85 dB at any residential property line (8.36.030.A.3). Construction is not permitted on Sundays or Federal Holidays. Garvey Earle Noise 3 Figure 1 City of Rosemead Noise Compatibility Guidelines Garvey Earle Noise 4 Table 1 ROSEMEAD NOISE ORDINANCE LIMITS (Exterior Noise Level not to be Exceeded) Residential Use Commercial Use Maximum Allowable Duration of Exceedance 7 AM to 10 PM (Daytime) 10 PM to 7 AM (Nighttime) 7 AM to 10 PM (Daytime) 10 PM to 7 AM (Nighttime) 30 minutes/Hour (L50) 60 dB 45 dB 65 dB 60 dB 15 minutes/Hour (L25) 65 dB 50 dB 70 dB 65 dB 5 minutes/Hour (L8) 70 dB 55 dB 75 dB 70 dB 1 minute/Hour (L1) 75 dB 60 dB 80 dB 75 dB Never (Lmax) 80 dB 65 dB 85 dB 80 dB Source: Municipal Code Section 8.36.060 BASELINE NOISE LEVELS In November, 2014, Giroux & Associates performed noise monitoring for a project less than 300 feet west on Garvey Avenue (one block to the west). This data was used as a reference to establish existing baseline levels in the project area. Measurements were made on a Monday, at approximately 2:30- 3:30 p.m., at the location shown in Figure 2. The measured noise levels are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Measured Noise Levels (dBA) Leq Lmax Lmin L10 L33 L50 L90 69 79 56 72 70 67 59 Monitoring experience shows that 24-hour weighted CNELs can be reasonably well estimated from peak rush hour noise readings. CNELs are approximately equal to afternoon hour Leq plus 2-3 dB (Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement, 2009). The noise meter was located on the corner of Garvey and Delta Avenues and readings were indicative of the existing on-site noise levels. Observed noise levels were approximately 71-72 dB CNEL at 50 feet from centerline. Later in this report this metered noise level is verified to be consistent with the noise levels modeled using traffic data provided in the traffic report and is used to determine possible noise mitigation requirements. The City of Rosemead considers CNELS of up to 70 dB to be conditionally acceptable for residential use with the requirement of a noise analysis. Depending on setback for the project residential component, upgraded acoustical mitigation could be required to meet this threshold for residences with a line of sight to Garvey Avenue. Garvey Earle Noise 5 Figure 2 Noise Meter Location Noise levels of up to 75 dB CNEL are considered conditionally acceptable for commercial use. However, unless commercial projects include noise-sensitive uses such as outdoor dining, exterior noise exposure is generally not considered a commercial facility siting constraint. NOISE IMPACTS IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA Noise impacts are considered significant if: 1. They create violations of noise standards, or, 2. They substantially worsen an already excessive noise environment, or, 3. They substantially increase an existing quiet environment even if noise standards are not violated by the proposed action. Meter Project Garvey Earle Noise 6 Two characteristic noise sources are typically identified with land use intensification such as that proposed for the mixed use project. Construction activities, especially heavy equipment, will create short-term noise increases near the project site. Such impacts may be important for possible nearby noise-sensitive receptors such as any existing residential uses. Upon completion, project-related traffic will cause an incremental increase in area-wide noise levels throughout the project area. Traffic noise impacts are generally analyzed both to ensure that the project does not adversely impact the acoustic environment of the surrounding community, as well as to ensure that the project site is not exposed to an unacceptable level of noise resulting from the ambient noise environment acting on the project. Finally, the project analysis needs to examine noise from the proposed commercial uses upon proposed on-site and existing adjacent residential uses. According to the current CEQA Appendix G guidelines, noise impacts are considered potentially significant if they cause: a. Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies. Noise levels exceeding the City of Rosemead Noise Standards would be considered significant. b. Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels. c. A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. d. A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. CEQA Guidelines also identify potential impact significance due to aircraft noise. There are no airports in very close proximity to the site where aircraft noise would be an issue. The term "substantial increase" is not defined by any responsible agency. The limits of perceptibility by ambient grade instrumentation (sound meters) or by humans in a laboratory environment is around 1.5 dB. Under ambient conditions, people generally do not perceive that noise has clearly changed until there is a 3 dB difference. A threshold of 3 dB is commonly used to define "substantial increase." An increase of +3 dBA CNEL in traffic noise would be consistent a significant impact. CONSTRUCTION NOISE IMPACTS Temporary construction noise impacts vary markedly because the noise strength of construction equipment ranges widely as a function of the equipment used and its activity level. Short-term construction noise impacts tend to occur in discrete phases dominated by large, earth-moving equipment sources for demolition and grading. During construction and paving, equipment is generally less noisy. Construction noise tends to occur in discrete phases dominated initially by demolition and/or earth- moving sources and later for finish construction and paving. Figure 3 shows the typical range of construction activity noise generation as a function of equipment used in various building phases. Garvey Earle Noise 7 Figure 3 Garvey Earle Noise 8 The demolition and earth-moving sources are seen to be the noisiest with equipment noise ranging up to about 90 dB(A) at 50 feet from the source. Spherically radiating point sources of noise emissions are atmospherically attenuated by a factor of 6 dB per doubling of distance, or about 6 dB in 100 feet of propagation. The impact radius pre-supposes a clear line-of-sight and no other machinery or equipment noise that would mask project construction noise. With buildings and other barriers to interrupt line-of-sight conditions, the potential “noise envelope” around individual construction sites is reduced. Construction noise impacts are, therefore, somewhat less than that predicted under idealized input conditions. The nearest residence to the project site is to the north. The Palm Motel building is immediately adjacent to the eastern property line. It is not likely that the heaviest equipment would operate closest to the either property line, but if were to occur, the City of Rosemead construction noise standard of 85 dB could be exceeded for short periods of time. For equipment operating closer to the center of the site, noise levels would be 5-10 dB lower because of distance attenuation. In some instances, installation of a sound curtain along property line can reduce construction noise by as much as -10 dB. Noisiest construction operations of equipment would occur at ground level of sub-grade parking. Peak off-site equipment noise would be shielded by any site perimeter barriers or by on-site barrier walls. The use of reasonable site perimeter noise controls can maintain off-site noise exposures from construction activities at less than the City standard. It is recommended that the barrier height be at least 8-feet high. The nearest residence to the north is less than 15 feet from the project surface parking lot but more than 25 feet from the closest on-site structure with a much larger setback to the remainder of the site. It is not likely that the heaviest equipment would operate closest to the property line, but if were to occur, the City of Rosemead construction noise standard of 85 dB could be exceeded for short periods of time. However, construction of the proposed 6-foot high block wall at the residential use perimeter would assist in mitigating possible construction noise intrusion for the nearest off-site residential use on Earle Avenue. The two story Palm Motel borders the site on the east, but there are no windows with a line of sight to the project. Construction noise is potentially significant but is mitigated by construction of the proposed 6-foot high northern perimeter wall prior to the commencement of construction activities and by adherence to the allowable hours of operation of 7 a.m.to 8 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Construction is not permitted on Sundays and Federal Holidays. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY VIBRATION Construction activities generate ground-borne vibration when heavy equipment travels over unpaved surfaces or when it is engaged in soil movement. The effects of ground-borne vibration include discernible movement of building floors, rattling of windows, shaking of items on shelves or hanging on walls, and rumbling sounds. Vibration related problems generally occur due to resonances in the structural components of a building because structures amplify groundborne vibration. Within the “soft” sedimentary surfaces of much of Southern California, ground vibration is quickly damped out. Groundborne vibration is almost never annoying to people who are outdoors (FTA 2006). Garvey Earle Noise 9 Groundborne vibrations from construction activities rarely reach levels that can damage structures. Because vibration is typically not an issue, very few jurisdictions have adopted vibration significance thresholds. Vibration thresholds have been adopted for major public works construction projects, but these relate mostly to structural protection (cracking foundations or stucco) rather than to human annoyance. A vibration descriptor commonly used to determine structural damage is the peak particle velocity (ppv) which is defined as the maximum instantaneous positive or negative peak of the vibration signal, usually measured in in/sec. The range of such vibration is as follows in Table 3. Table 3 Human Response To Transient Vibration Average Human Response ppv (in/sec) Severe 2.00 0 Strongly perceptible 0.90 0 Distinctly perceptible 0.24 0 Barely perceptible 0.03 5 Source: Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, 2013. Over the years, numerous vibration criteria and standards have been suggested by researchers, organizations, and governmental agencies. There are no Caltrans or Federal Highway Administration standards for vibration. According to Caltrans, the threshold for structural vibration damage for modern structures is 0.5 in/sec for intermittent sources, which include impact pile drivers, pogo-stick compactors, crack- and-seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (1990) identifies maximum vibration levels for preventing damage to structures from intermittent construction or maintenance activities for residential buildings in good repair with gypsum board walls to be 0.4–0.5 in/sec. The damage threshold criterion of 0.2 in/sec is appropriate for fragile buildings. Below this level there is virtually no risk of building damage. The predicted vibration levels generated by construction equipment are shown below in Table 4. Table 4 Estimated Vibration Levels During Project Construction Equipment PPV at 15 ft (in/sec) PPV at 25 ft (in/sec) PPV at 50 ft (in/sec) PPV at 60 ft (in/sec) PPV at 75 ft (in/sec) PPV at 100 ft (in/sec) Large Bulldozer 0.191 0.089 0.031 0.024 0.017 0.011 Loaded trucks 0.152 0.076 0.027 0.020 0.015 0.010 Jackhammer 0.070 0.035 0.012 0.009 0.007 0.004 Small Bulldozer 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.000 Source: FHWA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Garvey Earle Noise 10 The calculation to determine PPV at a given distance is: PPVdistance = PPVref*(25/D)^1.5 Where: PPVdistance = the peak particle velocity in inches/second of the equipment adjusted for distance, PPVref = the reference vibration level in inches/second at 25 feet, and D = the distance from the equipment to the receiver. The closest residence adjacent to the northern project boundary is 25 feet from the from the closest building facade. Even at 15 feet, the predicted vibration levels generated by construction equipment would be below levels that could create structural damage in fragile buildings (i.e., 0.2 in/sec) though effects of vibration perception such as rattling windows could occur at the nearest structures. The Palms Motel is adjacent to the site along the eastern perimeter. Only large dozers would generate vibration levels that could be of concern. Large bulldozers will not likely operate directly at the shared property line. Regardless, any fine grading at the property line should be performed with small bulldozers which are seen above to have 30 VdB less vibration potential. Therefore, to ensure adequate vibration annoyance protection the following mitigation measure is recommended:  Only small bulldozers shall be permitted to operate within 50 feet of the nearest residential structures. Construction activity vibration impacts are judged as less-than-significant with this limitation. OFF-SITE PROJECT-RELATED VEHICULAR NOISE IMPACTS Long-term noise concerns from the hotel use at the project site can be derived from vehicular operations on project area roadways. These concerns were addressed using the California specific vehicle noise curves (CALVENO) in the federal roadway noise model (the FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model, FHWA-RD-77-108). The model calculates the Leq noise level for a reference set of input conditions, and then makes a series of adjustments for site-specific traffic volumes, distances, speeds, or noise barriers. Table 5 summarizes the 24-hour CNEL level at 50 feet from the roadway centerline along 15 roadway segments. The noise analysis utilizes data from the project traffic analysis, prepared by the traffic consultant, Stantec Engineering, for this project. Four traffic scenarios were evaluated; existing conditions “with project” and “without project”, and baseline year (2019) “with project” and “without project”. As shown in Table 6, project implementation in the opening year does little to change the traffic noise environment. Because the area is mostly built out, addition of project traffic to area roadways does little to the traffic noise environment. The largest project related impact is +0.1 dB CNEL at 50 feet Garvey Earle Noise 11 from the roadway centerline. The noise impact is much less than the significance threshold. The noise analysis shows no discernable noise impact on area roadways. The cumulative analysis, which compares “future with project” to “existing” conditions, shows a maximum impact of +0.8 dB CNEL at 50 feet from roadway centerline, on Delta Avenue adjacent to the project. The remainder of the project would not exceed a +0.3 dB CNEL cumulative increase. These increases are much less than the +3 dB significance threshold. Project only traffic noise increases and cumulative traffic noise increases are less-than-significant. Table 5 Traffic Noise Impact Analysis (dBA CNEL at 50 feet from centerline) Segment Existing No Project Existing With Project 2019 No Project 2019 With Project Hellman Ave San Gabriel-Gladys 62.4 62.4 62.5 62.5 Stallo-Willard 61.8 61.8 62.0 62.0 Willard-Walnut Grove 64.3 64.3 64.5 64.5 Garvey Ave/ Charlotte-Delta 71.5 71.6 71.8 71.9 Earle-Willard 70.9 71.0 71.2 71.2 San Gabriel Blvd/ N of I-10 72.6 72.6 72.8 72.8 N of Hellman 72.6 72.6 72.7 72.7 Hellman-Dorothy 69.6 69.6 69.7 69.8 Park-Gavey 69.5 69.5 69.6 69.7 Walnut Grove/ N of I-10 69.5 69.5 69.6 69.6 N of Hellman 69.2 69.2 69.3 69.3 Hellman-Dorothy 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.2 Dorothy-Garvey 68.2 68.2 68.3 68.3 Garvey-Fern 67.9 67.9 68.0 68.0 Delta Ave/ Garvey-Fern 60.3 60.6 61.1 61.3 Table 6 Project-Related Noise Impact* (CNEL in dBA at 50 feet from Centerline) Segment Existing Impact 2019 Impact Cumulative Impact Hellman Ave San Gabriel-Gladys 0.0 0.0 0.1 Stallo-Willard 0.0 0.0 0.1 Willard-Walnut Grove 0.0 0.0 0.2 Garvey Ave/ Charlotte-Delta 0.1 0.1 0.3 Earle-Willard 0.0 0.0 0.3 San Gabriel Blvd/ N of I-10 0.0 0.0 0.2 N of Hellman 0.0 0.0 0.1 Hellman-Dorothy 0.0 0.0 0.2 Park-Gavey 0.0 0.0 0.2 Garvey Earle Noise 12 Walnut Grove/ N of I-10 0.0 0.0 0.1 N of Hellman 0.0 0.0 0.1 Hellman-Dorothy 0.0 0.0 0.2 Dorothy-Garvey 0.0 0.0 0.2 Garvey-Fern 0.0 0.0 0.1 Delta Ave/ Garvey-Fern 0.2 0.2 1.0 *May differ by +/- 0.1 when in excel rounds down to a 10th of a decimal ON-SITE EXTERIOR TRAFFIC EXPOSURE Although the City of Rosemead guidelines allows exterior noise levels of up to 70 dB CNEL, a noise level of 65 dB is the level at which ambient noise begins to interfere with one's ability to carry on a normal conversation at reasonable separation without raising one's voice. A noise exposure of 65 dB CNEL is typically the exterior noise land use compatibility guideline for new residential dwellings in California. Garvey Avenue and Earle Avenue bound the project site. Although the project entry/egress point is along the Earle Avenue perimeter, vehicles are not expected to utilize Earle Avenue north of the site. The only Earle Avenue use across from the proposed project is commercial. Existing residential uses are to the north and therefore unaffected by project roadway traffic such that proximity is not considered a siting constraint (drive aisle noise is analyzed independently later in this report). However, the Garvey Avenue roadway segment adjacent to the project site is calculated to reach 72 dB CNEL at 50 feet from roadway centerline. The residential units in the site are on top of the commercial façade and are sited along Garvey Avenue. These residential units along Garvey Avenue are on upper levels and many have balconies facing the roadway. The following setbacks from the Garvey Avenue centerline would be needed to achieve a 65 or 70 dB CNEL noise level: Distance to 65 dB CNEL 250 feet Distance to 70 dB CNEL 80 feet The closest proposed residential patio is approximately 60 feet from the Garvey Avenue centerline. At 60 feet the exterior noise loading would be expected to be 71 dB CNEL. If the patios on these units are required to meet established noise thresholds, noise protection would be required. A shield would break the line-of-sight between the receiver and noise source. A transparent noise shield (e.g., plexi-glass) along the patios facing Garvey Avenue would reduce noise by at least 5 dBA and while still permitting view. However, a residual noise level of 66 dB CNEL is still slightly above the noise standard. Because a shield must break the line-of-sight between the receiver and noise source, there is no simple mitigation measure to only reduce noise levels by the needed 1 dBA. However, a 5.5 foot plexi-glass wall should reduce noise levels by an additional 1dBA, which would result in a 65 dBA CNEL noise level. Garvey Earle Noise 13 However, recreational use areas at the Garvey Earle site may be considered possible common outdoor space sited in the interior of the complex which would be noise protected by the perimeter structures. Most jurisdictions do not require noise protection for individual recreational space if noise-protected common space is provided, which is the case with this project. The interior residential noise standard is 45 dB CNEL. For typical wood-framed construction with stucco and gypsum board wall assemblies, the exterior to interior noise level reduction is as follows: Partly open windows – 12 dB Closed single-paned windows – 20 dB Closed dual-paned windows – 30 dB Use of dual-paned windows is required by the California Building Code (CBC) for energy conservation in new residential construction. Interior standards will be met as long as residents have the option to close their windows. Where window closure is needed to shut out noise, supplemental ventilation is required by the CBC with some specified gradation of fresh air. Central air conditioning or a fresh air inlet on a whole house fan would meet this requirement. Because commercial uses are not occupied on a 24-hour basis, the exterior noise exposure standard for less sensitive land uses is generally is less stringent. Unless commercial projects include noise- sensitive uses such as outdoor dining, noise exposure is generally not considered a commercial facility siting constraint for typical project area noise. At this time the project does not include any outdoor commercial use dining space. SITE OPERATIONAL NOISE The project drive aisle is accessed via Earle Avenue. The drive aisle is approximately 50 feet from the nearest sensitive use and the project proposes a 6-foot wall along the shared property line. According to the project traffic report, the peak morning or afternoon traffic volume is 25 vehicles (entering or leaving). The noise level associated with 25 vehicles is 44 dB Leq with a 25 per mile speed limit. The proposed 6-foot wall would reduce noise by an additional 5 dB with a resultant 39 dB. This noise level is below the 60 dB noise standard. The project proposes a mixed-use site with a small retail and restaurant use component. The small retail space is similarly not anticipated to negatively impact sensitive uses. Restaurant noise is controlled by a Conditional Use Permit (CUP). CUP’s contain specific conditions to minimize noise impacts to area sensitive uses. Although the exact mix of commercial tenants is unknown, mechanisms, such as permit conditions, are in place to ensure that future mixed-use nature of the project site will maintain compatibility with respect to noise generation. Garvey Earle Noise 14 CONCLUSIONS Short-term construction noise intrusion shall be mitigated by compliance with the City of Rosemead Noise Ordinance. The allowed hours of construction are from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Friday. Construction noise could exceed 85 dB at the nearest sensitive use but is nevertheless minimized by the following conditions: • Prior to construction, erect an 8-foot perimeter barrier along the northern shared property line to shield adjacent residences from the noisiest construction activities. • All equipment shall be equipped with properly operating and maintained mufflers. • Equipment and materials shall be staged in areas that will create the greatest distance between construction-related noise sources and the noise-sensitive receptors nearest the project site during all project construction. • All construction-related activities shall be restricted to the construction hours outlined in the City’s Noise Ordinance. • Construction-related trucks traveling to and from the project site shall be restricted to the same hours specified for the operation of construction equipment. To the extent feasible, haul routes shall not pass directly by sensitive land uses or residential dwellings. Project-related off-site traffic noise changes on existing streets are less than significant. Habitable interior space for units fronting Garvey Avenue will be adequately noise protected to achieve 45 dB with only the ability to close windows. Where window closure is needed for policy compliance, supplemental fresh air ventilation will be provided at rates specified in the California Building Code. Vehicles entering or leaving the site noise are not expected to create a significant noise impact. The proposed 6-foot perimeter wall would provide an extra level of assurance.